Public Policy (PUBP)

School of Public Policy

501 Policy and Organizational Analysis (4:3:0) Prepares students to engage in systematic analysis, both qualitative and quantitative, and constitutes the basis for advanced analytical techniques. Emphasis on research design, information acquisition, application of data analysis techniques, and presentation, including writing for professional and lay audiences.

502 Governance and Policy Processes (4:3:0) Assesses governance processes in public and private organizational settings on the basis of economic and political standards such as efficiency, accountability, and responsiveness to societal needs in a rapidly changing global environment. Using cases, simulations, and fieldwork, students learn to evaluate the quality of institutional governance in specific venues and appraise implications for public policy.

503 Culture, Organization, and Technology (4:3:0) Focuses on the influence of culture in societal, political, economic, and technological processes, nationally and internationally. Culture is seen as dynamic and interactional. Using case studies, students learn pertinent approaches to the study of culture, from the analysis of organization and social networks to that of belief systems and identities. Students also develop practical skills in observation, participation, and intervention.

550 Topics in Public Policy (1-3:3:0) Focuses on selected topics in public policy not covered in fixed-content public policy courses.

555 Economics Math Workshop. Short course covering math and calculus skills required for masterÕs level managerial economics course PUBP720.

601 Theory and Practice of Regional Economic Development (3:3:0) Focuses on traditional theories of economic development (economic base, growth pole, infrastructure investment, location theory, central place theory) as well as nontraditional perspectives, emphasizing application of theory to practice through case studies.

602 Regional Economic Development and Technology (3:3:0) Introduces students to the role of technology in economic development policy and practice. Examines the processes of technological development and change in enterprises and collaboration among industry, government, and academic institutions through case studies.

605 State and Local Government Policy and Economic Development (3:3:0) Examines state and local government policies and processes to promote local economic development, including institutional arrangements, financing and tax incentives, nonfinancial strategies and approaches, land use, environmental and other relevant regulations, and relationships across government and nongovernmental organizations.

650 Peace Operations I (3:3:0) First course of a two-semester sequence on international peace operations. Focuses on the emerging theory of peace operations, including peace-making activities of the United Nations and other diplomatic initiatives; peace-building activities of international organizations and nongovernmental organizations; and peace support provided by international militaries.

651 Peace Operations II (3:3:0) Second course of a two-semester sequence on international peace operations. Focuses on the application of the emerging theory of peace operations, including peace-making activities of the United Nations and other diplomatic initiatives; peace-building activities of international organizations and nongovernmental organizations; and peace support provided by international militaries. Several guest lectures from past and present peace operations provide practical information for future staff of peace operations.

700 Theory and Practice in Public Policy (4:4:0) Theories of public policy emphasizing both the historical intellectual development of the discipline and the role that theory and ethics may be expected to play in public policy making. Assumptions made by policy professionals examined reflectively against a broad range of philosophical, social, political, and economic imperatives affecting public policy environment.

702 Comparing Political Institutions (4:4:0) Examines political institutions and processes from comparative and international perspectives, and the role of the political environment in economic policy decisions, trade and investment. Examines issues of generalizability, objective knowledge and understanding, and the nature of evidence, and how they impact public policy.

703 Organizational Informatics in Public Policy (4:4:0) Helps policy professionals develop proficiency in technological skills necessary for effective practice by teaching the latest developments in organizational informatics and web-based student-teacher interaction. Uses information technology to understand real-world policy problems.

704 Statistical Methods in Policy Analysis (4:4:0) Prerequisite: PUBP 501. Graduate-level introduction to statistical methods and techniques used in the policy sciences. Topics include descriptive statistics, sampling and probability theory, graphical data display, estimation and significance testing, contingency tables, bivariate regression and correlation, and multiple regression, with an introduction to computer-based statistical analysis.

705 Advanced Statistical Methods in Policy Analysis (3:3:0) Prerequisite: PUBP 704 or equivalent. Classical regression methods and their application to public policy analysis. Simple and multiple regression, analysis of variance, time series, and simultaneous equation structural models. Problems associated with applications include specification error, multicollinearity, qualitative variables, heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, and structural identification. Course develops analysis skills by discussing sample empirical studies and models using advance statistical computer software.

706 Environmental Decisions: Modeling Rational Judgment (3:3:0) Prerequisite: PUBP 705. Discusses decision aids for environmental or other policy makers to make and defend decisions soundly and economically. Integrates public policy and environmental science with decision analysis; for example, prescriptive models that quantify the knowledge and values a person or institution brings to bear on a decision. Simple aids, based on decision theory, are applied to real consulting cases.

709 Research Design and Writing (3:3:0) Helps students revise a draft scholarly paper into a form acceptable in a refereed public policy journal. Focuses on how to find a researchable question, identify appropriate methods, build a bibliography, outline an argument, and find supporting evidence.

710 Topics in Public Policy (1-3:3:0) Focuses on selected topics in public policy not covered by fixed-content public policy courses.

711 Rational Choice and Uncertainty: Systems Dynamics Policymaking (3:3:0) Introduces basics of decision analysis. Examines quantitative modeling of judgment to aid the evaluation of perplexing or controversial policies involving conflicting objectives or outcomes. Also covers assessing uncertainty about events and quantities, directly and indirectly, and changing uncertainty in the light of new evidence. Focuses on systems dynamics.

712 Policy Systems Analysis and Management Science (3:3:0) Introduces analytical models and analysis that can be applied to support decisions. Primary emphasis is on understanding the techniques of operation research and management science, cost benefits, and cost effectiveness for public decision-making. Mathematical details of algorithms used to solve the models are not emphasized except as they contribute to understanding the reliability and validity of these methodologies. Through case studies and computer solutions, students gain an appreciation of when, where, and how to use the models. Finally, students demonstrate their understanding of these techniques by applying them to a term research project on a government program.

713 Policy and Program Evaluation (3:3:0) Examines how programs of public agencies are proposed, established, operated, and evaluated. Covers the role of research in the program-evaluation process, including alternative methodologies for policy assessment. Considers demand estimation, supply and pricing of publicly produced goods and services, and the role of subsidies in nonmarket environments.

714 Topics in Transportation Policy, Operations and Logistics (1-3:3:0) Current issues in transportation policy, operations and logistics in the United States and abroad. Includes practical applications of theories and analysis to policy problems, and emphasizes competence in improving policy in selected domains. May be taken up to three times and simultaneously for sections addressing different subject matter.

715 Introduction to Transportation Systems (3:3:0) Transportation is a service that contributes substantially to the well-being of advanced economies. Resource requirements and byproducts of transportation also pose sobering environmental challenges for society. Course examines history and development of transportation systems; their contribution to and impact on society; institutions and practices that govern their planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and retirement from service; policy and managerial challenges that they pose; and tools and techniques for addressing them.

716 Transportation Operations and Logistics (3:3:0) Provides a survey of freight logistics issues, methods, problems, and strategies. Topics include origins of logistics, industry structure, pricing, underwriting, rate making, compliance, inventory effects, just-in-time inventory management (JIT); materials requirements planning (MRP); customer service and order processing operations, sales functions and operations, dispatch and fleet manager functions and operations, rate-setting between three parties, typical document flow (electronic and paper), routing and sched-uling; route selection, satellite load tracking—through dispatch—customer web inquiry, role of ITS in route selection, toll system use, congestion, training activities, and logistics markets.

717 Analysis for Transportation Managers (3:3:0) Introduces basic methods of transportation analysis and evaluation , relating them to policy framework. Covers descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, contingency tables (Chi-Square analysis), regression, optimization, demand elasticities, and the gravity model. Sources of transportation data and research design are also covered. Teaches mathematical base and logic of each technique, but application of these methods to relevant policy and management problems is primary emphasis. Students required to complete a series of assignments along with a research proposal focused on applying one or more of the methods to a problem of their own interest.

718 Transportation Planning and Policy (3:3:0) Introduces highway, rail, air, and water transport planning in the United States. Teaches legislative, organizational, fiscal, legal and political environment within which planning for transportation facilities and services takes place. Introduce technical and analytical methods for transportation planning. Focus is largely on the public sector, but also considers commercial transport planning and the role of the private sector in helping to design, manage, and finance transport systems.

719 Transportation Law (3:3:0) Examines the legal environment of transportation. Topics include basic legal concepts and institutions, history and evolution of price and service regulation, environmental law and regulation, labor relations, and property.

720 Managerial Economics and Policy Analysis (3:3:0) Introduces microeconomics theory and its application in analyzing public policy issues. Provides capability to understand economic literature and theories.

721 Transportation Economics (3:3:0) Provides a basis for understanding the economics of the transport system and how transportation relates to urban and regional development. Treats transport generically, but includes case studies of specific modes.

722 Practicum in Transportation Policy, Operations, and Logistics (3:3:0) In-depth field study of ongoing transportation policy, operations, or logistics situations, and the design and delivery of actions to manage or resolve problems and opportunities. Range of application areas depends on interests of the student body and opportunities faculty identify for ÒclientsÓ or real-world projects. Illustrative domain areas include surface transportation (highways and transit), airports, and aviation.

723 Metropolitan Transportation Policy (3:3:0) Recent changes in federal legislation have led to renewed importance for transportation policy and planning. Considerations of clean air, economic development, congestion management, and changing urban form have greatly increased the importance of well-planned transportation facilities and policies. Course introduces students to basic methods of transportation policy analysis and evaluation. Topics include data collection, simplified demand estimation techniques, transportation choice modeling, transportation supply analysis, and ex-ante and ex-post evaluation methods.

724 Intelligent Transportation Systems and Technology (3:3:0) Overview of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), which include a wide range of information technology applications to surface transportation. Categories of ITS include traffic management, traveler information, fleet control, commercial vehicle regulation, transit, rural, and vehicle-control systems. Key institutional and policy issues involve the appropriate federal role in ITS; state and local government collaboration; public-private partnerships; how privacy interests can be protected as ITS surveillance and enforcement technologies become increasingly sophisticated; and how driver information systems, including cell phones, can be used to optimal advantage without burdening drivers with Òinformation overload.Ó

725 International Transportation Logistics (3:3:0) Increasing internationalization and globalization of markets is producing new challenges for transportation services, not only in terms of offering efficient and effective freight transportation options, but also in terms of the international movement of people both as part of international trade and as part of direct consumer services such as tourism. Technology shifts have created new supply conditions to meet demands of international commerce that transcend transportation to embrace communications. Changes are also embedded in new institutional structures, including liberalized regulatory regimes and the emergence of international bodies such as the WTO that are beginning to influence the trade in transportation services themselves. Course is concerned with making an efficient match between these new demands on transportation and the ways they can be met. Topics embody a multidisciplinary approach to international transportation logistics drawing on economics, law, information technology, and network analysis. Subjects covered include international supply-chain management, global performance indicators, international intermodal transportation, air-freight logistics, new technologies, and border-crossing issues.

726 Telecommunications Policy (3:3:0) Examines salient issues associated with telecommunications and electronic commerce in the context of public policy questions facing decision makers—in government, education and business. Examples: privacy, electronic signatures, digital divide, bandwidth auctions, IP telephony, CRM, Bluetooth, Internet taxation.

727 Transportation Evaluation (3:3:0) Transportation impinges on many aspects of life: economic, social, and political. The provision and operation of transportation services involves a wide-range of trade-offs. Course looks at the range of evaluation techniques and concepts that are applied in making decisions over such matters as transportation investments, transportation operating strategies, and public policy as it affects transportation. Considers theory and concepts as well as more detailed assessments of standard evaluation methods used in the United States and elsewhere. Case studies reviewed in depth.

728 Fleet Operations (3:3:0) Overview of the most important factors affecting fleet operations today. Topics include goals for government fleet operations and privately owned fleets, proforma cost analysis, fleet operations including route and vehicle and operator selection, asset-based versus non-asset based fleets, fleet design and make-up based on multiple objectives, scheduled maintenance requirements and trade-offs, shared capacity issues, reverse logistics policies, costs, operations, environmental constraints on fleets, fuel logistics, fleet decision-making, competitive and market challenges, and opportunities in fleet management.

729 Transportation Asset Management (3:3:0) Introduces the main elements of transportation asset management, which has attracted significant attention over the past decade. It is a response to a number of developments that have challenged the traditional framework for transportation service delivery, including changes in the transportation environment; a shift in the publicÕs attitude toward the provision of public goods; and extraordinary advances in communication and computer technologies. The adoption of transportation asset management poses significant challenges on both the organizational structure and the existing knowledge base within transportation agencies. Course provides an overview of these challenges, and introduces theoretical frameworks within which the challenges may be analyzed.

730 National Policy Systems and Theory (1-4:3:0) Provides an inquiry into the policy-making environment, organized around the U.S. federal system. Examines the nationÕs policy systems and its key components: the actors, institutions of governance, outside groups, and other influential interests. Special emphasis on the dynamic character of policy making. In addition, different policy theories are discussed in the context of current political realities.

731 Macroeconomic Policy Assessment (3:3:0) Covers monetary theory, theories of consumption and saving, budget deficits, economic growth, international finance, and monetary and fiscal policy. Investigates national income and product accounts, savings, employment, and investment, as well as alternatives to Keynesian principles. Evaluates theories of inflation, investment, capital accumulation, and nonproportional growth.

732 Transport and the Environment (3:3:0) Multi-disciplinary course examines implications of transportation and how public policy has attempted to handle them, and how policy may move in the future. Looks at all modes of transportation and at most of the environmental ramifications. In addition to two faculty members, several guest speakers provide wider perspectives on particular issues.

734 Administrative Law and Public Policy (3:3:0) Covers administrative discretion, rule-making and agency proceedings, public participation, political accountability, regulatory processes, oversight, formal adjudi-cation and informal action, lobbying agency administrators, and political and legal nature of the administrative process.

735 Lobbying and Interest Representation (3:3:0) To work effectively within a democratic political environment, the policy analyst must understand contemporary methods used to influence policy. Course focuses on the roles and techniques of organized influence and its impact on policy.

736 The Global Information Economy and the Digital Divide (3:3:0) Discusses many of the institutional, social, and policy issues involved in the development of a global information economy and society. Economic development needs, public institutional capacity, nongovernmental networks examined critically, and course deals with the implications of universal access to the Internet and equality of use in areas such as online delivery of government services, privacy, online voting, and e-government. Focus also is on efforts to ameliorate digital divide sponsored by major multilateral agencies. Emphasizes development of public policies for democratic governance in a complex networked world.

737 Cases and Concepts in E-Government (3:3:0) Electronic government has become a significant public policy issue worldwide. It offers the prospect of dramatic improvements in the delivery of government services, but also portends major debate about government intrusion. Course covers the emerging public policy issues associated with electronic government: job displacement in the public sector, privacy, procurement and supply chain management, voter profiling, scope of government services, challenges to Òdigital democracy,Ó Internet-based voting, land management, the Òdigital divide,Ó and others.

738 Information, Technology, and Institutional Change (3:3:0) Examines role and character of information in institutions as foundation to understanding role of IT in economy, society and politics. Considers theories of and practice of information in institutions, organizations and markets, and assesses effects of information technology changes on key economic, social and political institutions such as firms, markets, communities, non-profit organizations, and government.

739 Media and Public Policy (3:3:0) Explores the complex relationship between media and public policy. Examines how these forces collide in our modern media, how coverage decisions regarding public policy are made in newsrooms, how advocates use and rely on the media to advance their message, and how different media reflect different strengths and vulnerabilities.

741 U.S. Financial Policy Processes and Procedures (3:3:0) Examines design and operation of expenditure and revenue systems at federal, state and local levels of U.S. government. Mobilizing and allocating resources through the planning, adoption, and execution of the budget is stressed. Includes theory and policy objectives of tax and spending regimes and review of financial controls, performance measurement, cash and debt management, and accounting and financial reporting systems.

742 Transportation Safety and Security (3:3:0) Examines transportation safety and security from a multimodal perspective for both passenger and freight. Topics include historical context and policy framework, regulation, institutional issues, new security arrangements for preventing organized terrorist attacks, infrastructure design, vehicle design, operating protocols, and information systems.

743 National Security Management and Policy (3:3:0) Examines hierarchies in national security from the president to military establishment, including National Security Council, secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, commanders-in-chief of the Unified and Specified Commands, and intelligence agencies. Covers policies involving national defense, peace-keeping operations, embargoes and other sanctions, defense conversion, and military acquisition policy. Also covers significant legislation affecting national security, such as the National Security Act of 1947 and the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986.

744 Federal Institutions and Management (3:3:0) Covers management and policy in the federal government, examining policy problems within the context of national system of governance, including political environment, evolution and constitutional framework of American government, the U.S. Congress, executive branch from the White House to the agencies, and role of interest groups and political parties. Special attention to implementing legislation, regulatory process, and intergovernmental relations.

745 Transportation and the Environment (3:3:0) Multidisciplinary examination of implications of transportation and ways public policy has attempted to handle them, and how policy may move in the future. Explores all modes of transportation and most environmental ramifications.

746 Maritime Transportation Policy, Operations and Logistics (3:3:0) Examines how the international maritime transportation system has evolved, and discusses current challenges and options for future developments. Maritime shipping is an ancient enterprise that has dominated transportation since long before industrialization led to the development of steam propulsion, railroads, motor trucks, and airplanes. Topics include globalization, e-commerce, just-in-time manufacturing, quick response capabilities, integrated logistic systems, and the relevance of maritime transportation in light of emerging technological advances.

747 Air Transportation Policy, Operations and Logistics (3:3:0) Reviews evolution of various forms of air transport (such as airlines, general aviation, and military aviation) and includes basics of airline economics, especially as they intersect with airline operations and the management of hub and spoke networks; air traffic control technologies and operations and their intersection with airline economics; safety and security technologies and regulations; the future of various elements of air transportation; and effects of deregulation on air travel.

748 Public Transportation Policy, Operations and Logistics (3:3:0) Provides a general system description for the components comprising the typical publicly funded transit property. Topics include organizational structure, historical context, budget development including operating and capital budgets, personnel and labor relations, regulatory framework, operations management (bus and commuter rail), the reporting structure, customer service, and contracted operations. Also discusses current topics of interest, such as security of transit systems and the transitÕs role in the pursuit of air quality.

749 Highway Transportation Policy, Operations and Logistics (3:3:0) Highways have played a central role in the development of the American transportation system. In particular, the interstate highway system has revolutionized both freight and passenger transport. Course examines the history and development of the highway system, institutions responsible for its development and ongoing operation, environmental impacts and efforts to mitigate them, the emerging emphasis on operations and management of the highway system, and its role in the freight logistics and supply chain management system.

750 History of Military Operations Other than War (3:3:0) Focuses on the history of military activity in support of noncombat missions. Uses historical examples of the early days of the United States and colonial histories of Western and Eastern powers. Also touches on the use of military force in support of multinational peace operations.

751 International Police Operations (3:3:0) Analyzes the role of international police monitors and domestic police forces in international peace operations. Focuses on how using international police monitors and developing indigenous law-enforcement capabilities can improve the prospects for success of international peace operations. Examines the origins, mandates, planning, and deployment of international civilian police forces, the problems of coordinating these international police operations with international military forces and local security forces, the international role in developing democratically oriented police forces, the relationship of police to the entire judicial system, and the need to continue assistance to all parts of the judicial system beyond the initial intervention.

752 Infrastructure Finance (3:3:0) Covers the planning, budgeting and financing of infrastructure, including air, water and surface transportation, public utilities, and other major public works. Focuses on private capital markets for projects funding as well as domestic and international loan and grant programs.

753 Ethics in Public Policy (3:3:0) Inquiry into ethical and moral issues in public policy. Explores issues that are controversial and often confusing to public policy makers such as health care, secrecy in government, surrogate motherhood, and disability. Perspectives are national as well as global, and deal with the impact of culture and politics on ethical dilemmas confronting society. Also looks at the processes by which specific ethical systems are incorporated into governing bodies. Larger issues, such as war and peace, ÒjustÓ and ÒunjustÓ wars, capital punishment, medical and legal ethics, and communitarian vs. individual liberties are also included, with an emphasis on how they affect public policy.

755 National Security Decision-Making Policy (3:3:0) Applies behavioral, economic, strategic, and other decision theories to U.S. government and other actors in historical national security crisis cases and in current policy issues. Explores tension in decisions between rational goal seeking by actors vs. organizational process, and aims to develop usable decision tools.

756 Geostrategic Assessment Policy (3:3:0) Geopolitical assessment of global threats to international order and security. First half of course focuses on geopolitical theories, elements of military power, and global social, demo-graphic and political trends. Second half analyzes -region-by-region political, military, economic, and social trends.

757 Public Policy in Global Health and Medical Practice (3:3:0) Introduction to international medical policy. Covers globalization of health and medical policies directed at removing disparities, financing, ethical considerations of biomedical research, and use of emerging technologies.

758 Global Threats and Medical Policies (3:3:0) Explores medical and health governance, biosecurity and biosafety, health and natural and human-made disasters, humanitarian and emergency assistance, vaccine development, behavior and health, critical infrastructures, bioethics and resource allocations in global context.

760 Science and Technology Policy in the 21st Century (3:3:0) Investigates the roles dynamic scientific research and technological innovation play in contemporary society. Focuses on design and analysis of alternative public policies intended to influence the rate and direction of technological change in societies, and on the use of scientific and technical knowledge in public policy making. Uses historical and international comparative approaches to assess politics and pragmatics of science and technology policy. Includes material from policy evaluation and analysis, organization theory, economics of innovation, and sociology of science and technology. Applications focus on areas of concern to the Ònew economyÓ such as biotechnology, networked telecommunications and computing, and the globalization of technology-based production.

761 Social Capital and Public Policy (3:3:0) Looks at the literature on social capital, including classic works such as TocquevilleÕs Democracy in America that, in effect, made use of the concept long before sociologist James Coleman brought it into wider use in the 1980s. One objective is to address questions such as the following: Is the concept merely a passing intellectual fad, or is social capital a useful concept for understanding political and economic behavior? Are there measures of social capital? Can the concept be plugged into economic models? Can social capital be introduced to improve our ability to fashion or improve specific social policies for crime, education, family, or social welfare?

762 Social Institutions and Public Policy (3:3:0) The limited government involvement in social policies changed drastically during the 1960s, with an explosion of social programs designed to ameliorate poverty, reduce crime, and eliminate racial segregation. These new social policies affect many institutions, including the family, schools and colleges, the criminal justice system, and government agencies. Many of these policies have been controversial, with debates over their efficacy and whether they have cured or exacerbated the social problems they were designed to alleviate. Course examines the evolution and status of selected American social policies, including civil rights policies, education reform, family policy, crime prevention, and other topics chosen by students. Readings and discussions on policy issues are linked to readings and discussions on social theories and value systems that underpin these social policies.

768 Education and Public Policy (3:3:0) Explores current issues and policy initiatives in education policy at federal, state, and local levels, with emphasis on education reform. Issues and topics vary. Typical policy issues include raising academic standards, high-stakes testing, alternative governance including school choice and voucher policies, teacher quality and certification, the role of school resources in academic outputs, and equity -topics.

770 Topics in Regional and Urban Development Policy (1-3:3:0) Explores leadership and institutional development in regional economic development. First part involves presentations by faculty members on conceptual, theoretical, and methodological traditions regarding leadership and institutional development. Second part focuses on the issue of leadership in the context of regional economic development.

771/SYST 691/EEP 601 Introduction to Enterprise Engineering and Policy (3:3:0)Provides an overview of extended enterprise integration. Lectures focus on the SAP architecture and the R/3 standard software solution. Laboratory requires students to complete an end-to-end implementation project with the Great Plains Software midrange ERP solution, Dynamics C/S +. For modeling, students must demonstrate complete proficiency in the Architecture of Information Systems (ARIS) methodology and the supporting ARIS Toolset.

772/SYST 692/EEP 602 Decision Support for Enterprise Integration (3:3:0)Prerequisite: SYST 542 and SYST 691 or equivalent. Lectures focus on the use of Òbusiness intelligenceÓ to enhance competitive advantage, development of an information-driven set of controls to improve profitability, and emphasis on the creation of a balanced business with aligned corporate direction and strategic intent. Solutions provided within ERP systems are examined.

773/SYST 693/EEP 603 Supply Chain Integration and Management (3:3:0)Prerequisite: SYST 691 or equivalent. Lectures focus on two issues: supply chain integration from an information technology perspective, and supply chain management from a decision support perspective. Course motivation is the merging of enterprise computing with operations research, primarily through customer and supply chain management systems. Topics include ERP/Web integration, advanced planning, and customer relationship management.

774/SYST 694/EEP 604 E-Commerce Architectures (3:3:0)Prerequisite: SYST 691 or equivalent. Introduces network and system architectures that support high- volume business to consumer web sites and portals. Provides insight into the structure of the modern web enabled storefront. Critical business and technology issues include Storage Area Networks (SANs), server clustering, load balancing techniques at the server and network level, fault tolerance, and recovery of database and application -servers.

775/SYST 695/EEP 605 Economics of Electronic Commerce (3:3:0) Prerequisite: SYST 691 or equivalent. Focuses on gaining competitive advantage through electronic commerce implementation; the identification and growing of new market opportunities as well as the electronic enabling of existing business relationships; and business-to-consumer relationships and the economics of strategic procurement, ERP hosting, customer relationship management, catalog hosting, portal operations, and supplier management.

776/SYST 696/EEP 606 Customer Relationship Management (3:3:0) Prerequisite: SYST 691 or equivalent. Focuses on the Òfront officeÓ and its integration with the Òback office.Ó The modern world of e-commerce extends intraenterprise integration as implemented in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems to include external constituents such as customers, partners, and suppliers. Course focuses on modern system support for the demand chain and the value creation process that results from integrating the front office systems with the back office systems.

777/SYST 697/ EEP 607 Critical Information Technology Infrastructures (3:3:0)Prerequisite: SYST 694 or equivalent. Design and implementation of high-speed network and application services in support of modern Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Critical technologies include high-speed data communication, switched vs. routed data flow, workflow engines, business rule and web application servers, and load balancing technologies. Large-scale, web-enabled ERP system architecture examined in detail.

780 Evolution of the Washington Metropolitan Economy (3:3:0) Explores evolution and future of the Washington metropolitan area economy, its historical context, the role of federal spending, tourism, the technology sector, international business, regional organizations, local government policies, and forecasts. Evaluates development patterns in the District of Columbia, Northern Virginia, and suburban Maryland.

782 International Financial Policy (3:3:0) Addresses theory of international finance, application to financial policy such as exchange rate regimes, and institutions of international finance. Covers the operations of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, development of the European Monetary Union, and debate over Òinternational financial architecture.Ó

783 Global Governance (3:3:0) Surveys important issues in global governance given changes in the contemporary world. Explores dynamics and complexity of formal and informal actors, institutional arrangements, organizations, and the roles they play in the process of governance in the international sphere. Considers states, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, international regimes, social movements, regional associations, and multinational corporations as actors bearing on trans-national authority. Examines various vehicles for international coordination and conflict in terms of relevance and opportunities for global governance.

785 Urban Development Economics (3:3:0) Examines changing structure and functions of the urban economy, and develops skills and knowledge for evaluating and remedying conditions inhibiting local economic development. Includes case studies of redevelopment strategies, programs, and outcomes for innercity neighborhoods, central and suburban business districts, waterfronts, and surplus military bases.

794 Internship (1-6:0:0) Prerequisite: 12 PUBP credits or permission of instructor. Open only to students in a SPP degree program requiring internship. Contact appropriate program director one semester before enrollment. Work-study programs with specific employers. Credit determined by the appropriate degree program.

795 Final Project (1-3:0:0) Writing of a capstone paper related to the studentÕs program concentration, under the guidance of a three-person committee.

796 Directed Readings and Research (1-3:3:0) Independent reading and research at the masterÕs or doctoral level on a specific topic related to public policy as agreed to by student and faculty member.

799 MasterÕs Thesis (1-6:0:0) Prerequisites: degree candidacy in a public policy masterÕs program, completion of the required credits of graduate course work, and approval of thesis proposal by faculty advisor, two committee members, and the program director. Individualized section form required. Original research endeavor related to the studentÕs program concentration. Research must result in a document meeting public policy and university standards. Graded S/NC.

800 Culture and Policy (2:2:0 to 4:3:1) Comparative overview of institutions and culture, focusing on ways the United States is exceptional when compared with other mature industrial societies. Presents culture and social structure as explanatory variables in accounting for these differences. Provides overview of analytical methods used in comparative public policy research, and background on the political environment in which international trade and investment decisions are made.

801 Macro Policy (2:2:0 to 4:3:1) Demonstrates how macroeconomic, technological, demographic, and social forces affect supply and demand for governmental services. Counterpart analysis of the impact of shifts in the patterns of international trade, demographic composition of the population, and trends in the social structure. Builds awareness of the need to factor alternative assumptions about the macro environment into policy planning; show how macro events can affect social welfare and policy performance indicators; and suggest how national income accounting analysis and simple macroeconomic models can help to pinpoint impending trouble spots for public policy.

802 The Logic of Policy Inquiry (1-4:3:0) Prerequisite: enrollment in doctoral program in public policy. Defines policy research problems, questions, and hypotheses. Explores modes of policy research, analysis, and rhetoric, including interdisciplinary research strategies. Uses information sources to emphasize written communication of policy research results. Also discusses professional practice issues.

804 Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Public Policy (4:3:0) Prerequisite: PUBP 704 or equivalent. Explores multivariate techniques of contingency table analysis, reliability and validity assessment, factor analysis and scaling, multivariate regression and path analysis, analysis of variance and covariance, and other selected multivariate techniques. Emphasis is on applying these techniques to real policy data using sophisticated statistical packages.

805 Public Policy Systems and Theory (4:3:0)Prerequisite: PUBP 730 or equivalent. Inquiryon an advanced level into national and international policy-making environment, with special emphasis on the dynamic character of the political arena. Examines policy systems and their key components: major actors; institutions of governance; and influence of outside groups, political parties, and special interests.

806 Advanced Management Science for Public Organizations (4:3:0) Prerequisite: PUBP 712 or equivalent. Primary emphasis is to understand techniques of operations research and management science, cost benefits, and cost effectiveness for public policy decision-making. Some familiarity with elementary calculus and linear algebra helps with understanding mathematical basis of algorithms used to solve models, and reliability and validity of these techniques. Case studies and computer solutions help students understand when and how to use OR models.

807 Advanced Qualitative Research: Theory and Methods (4:3:0) Prerequisite: SOCI 530, SOCI 634, or equivalent. Prepares students who intend to use qualitative methods in their public policy PhD dissertations. Covers ethnography, theory and practice of survey research, case study, and discourse analysis.

808 Advanced Economic Analysis for Policy Research (4:3:0) Prerequisite: PUBP 720 or equivalent. Builds analytical skills in the use of economic analysis for policy modeling. Designed for graduate students in public policy with competence in elementary calculus and matrix algebra. Reviews basic mathematical techniques and then covers basic consumer theory, demand estimation and forecasting, production theory, technological change and productivity analysis, market structure and competition, capital budgeting, and the role of the public sector.

810 Theory and Methods in Regional Policy I (2:2:0 to 4:3:1) Introduces and critiques theory and methods used in regional policy analysis. Covers -central place theory, growth pole theory, and economic base theory, as well as other theoretical constructs used in regional policy analysis. Also examines methodological tools such as regional econometric modeling, multiobjective programming, shift-share analysis, economic base analysis, location quotient analysis, input-output analysis. Also studies selected current regional public issues using theoretical and methodological constructs introduced in first part of course.

811 Theory and Methods in Regional Policy II (2:2:0 to 4:3:1) Second of two semesters of required concentration seminar sequence in regional development policy. Only students who have participated in the first semester of sequence (PUBP 810) are admitted. Students develop research papers that investigate some element or aspect of regional policy, with the goal of producing publishable papers. Students develop the focus of their paper based on work carried out in the first semester, and are expected to prepare a two-page proposal, followed by a detailed proposal and finally, the completed paper. Each is critiqued in the seminar, which is organized to conform to this process of review and critique. Instructor works with students individually, as well as in the seminar sessions.

817 Policy Research Topics: Transportation Policy (2:2:0 to 4:3:1) Research workshop examining the development of policy research and relevant methodologies linked directly to faculty and student interests. Students identify cutting-edge policy concerns and execute a research program. The 4-credit version of course requires a discussion section and research laboratory.

820 Technology, Science, and Public Policy I (2:2:0 to 4:3:1) First of a two-semester core seminar sequence required for PhD public policy students in the science and technology policy concentration. Covers literature relevant to science and technology policy. Core sequence begins with the postulate that technology has become a major casual force in the contemporary world. Looks at the key formulations of the relationship of science, technology, and public policy.

821 Technology, Science, and Public Policy II (2:2:0 to 4:3:1) Second of a two-semester core seminar sequence in the science and technology policy concentration. Students develop research papers that investigate some element or aspect of science and technology policy. Course helps students identify and develop topics with the goal of producing publishable papers.

833 Topics in Public Policy (1-4:3:0) Focuses on selected topics in public policy not covered in fixed-content public policy courses.

840 Research Seminar in Policy Governance I (2:2:0 to 4:3:1) First of a two-semester sequence (PUBP 840, 841) in the governance and public management policy concentration. Surveys the major institutions that formulate and implement U.S. public policy. Examines linkages between the translation of public preferences into public policy, and decisions about societal and economic functions that are most appropriately carried out by governments and those best accomplished by private institutions and individuals. The 4-credit course requires discussion seminar and research laboratory.

841 Research Seminar in Policy Governance II (2:2:0 to 4:3:1) Second of a two-semester sequence (PUBP 840, 841) in the governance and public management policy concentration. Studies division of responsibilities among the several levels of government and between public and private sectors. Focuses on the impact of these divisions on the development of public policy in several policy areas, such as urban governance, environmental policy, and health care.

850 Seminar in Public Policy (1:1:0) Weekly colloquium series, required of public policy PhD students. Features a variety of speakers from universities, government, and nonprofit sectors. Topics include policy formulation and analysis, and theoretical and methodological foundation.

860 Social Theory and Public Policy (2:2:0 to 4:3:1) Introduces social theory and how it affects public policy. Major theoretical frameworks in social sciences are analyzed in relation to role they play in the formulation of public policies in such selected areas as poverty and inequality, the family, education, crime and drugs, and race and ethnicity.

861 Research Seminar in Culture and Policy (2:2:0 to 4:3:1) Emphasizes integration of theory and method into empirical research projects. Covers linkage between theoretical constructs and empirical literature, derivation of research questions from existing body of literature, and selection of methods appropriate to answer those questions. Requires development of concrete proposals for empirical research and criticism of such proposals.

870 Organizational and Policy Aspects of Informatics (1-4:3:0) Examines effects of informatics on national and international policy; setting international policy on informatics; ethical and social change in governments and organizations; shaping national policy in informatics; industry growth; and research methods from various scientific disciplines.

871 Organizational Processes and Technology (1-4:3:0) Prerequisite: PUBP 870. Introduces the modern vertically and horizontally integrated organization. Focuses on the modern managerial policy aspects of creating, integrating, and managing modern information technology-enabled public and private sector organizations.

872 Decision Support for Enterprise Integration and Policy (4:3:0) Focuses on use of technology to enhance competitive advantage, developing policies and techniques to improve profitability, and the creation of a balance between corporate direction and strategic intent. Examines solutions within extended enterprise resource planning systems.

880 Global and International Public Policy (4:3:0) Explores multiple dimensions of globalization and internationalization relative to public policy processes and consequences. Offers substantive insight into contemporary public policy dynamics from global and comparative perspectives. Accordingly, it examines a broad range of international cultural, political, technological, and economic policy issues, and their interactions and implications at all levels of analysis. Engages relevant theoretical and methodological approaches and debates to provide tools for analyzing various world problems and policies.

881 International Trade Policy (4:3:0) Addresses international trade theory, trade policy analysis, regional economic integration, and the institutional arrangements governing world trade. Covers the World Trade Organization (including constituent agreements in goods, services, intellectual property and trade-related investment measures), regional trade agreements such as NAFTA, dispute settlement regimes, and relations between trade and the environment.

997 Field Statement (1:1:0) Requires work on field statement in preparation for field exam. Must register in the semester during which field exam will be taken. Requires permission of field committee chair. May not be repeated. Does not apply to credit degree requirements.

998 Research/Proposal for Dissertation (1-9:0:0) Requires work on a research proposal that forms the basis for doctoral dissertation. May be repeated, although no more than 24 credits of PUBP 998 and 999 may be applied to doctoral degree requirements.

999 Dissertation (1-9:0:0) Requires research on an approved dissertation topic under director on dissertation committee. May be repeated, although no more than 24 credits of PUBP 998 and 999 may be applied to doctoral degree requirements.