English (ENGL)

English

Three credits of a 100-level English course are prerequisite to all 200-level and above English courses. Three credits of a 100-level English course and six credits of general education literature/humanities courses are prerequisite to all English courses numbered above 302.

Non-native speakers of English with limited proficiency in the language are encouraged to take ENGL 100 instead of ENGL 101. Students may not receive credit for both ENGL 100 and ENGL 101.

100 Composition for Non-native Speakers of English (4:4:0). For non-native speakers of English with limited proficiency in the language. Intensive practice in drafting, revising, and editing expository essays of some length and complexity. Study of the logical, rhetorical, and linguistic structure of expository prose, with attention to particularly difficult aspects of the language for non-native speakers. Methods and conventions of preparing research papers. Students must attain a minimum grade of C to fulfill degree requirements.

101 Composition (3:3:0). Intensive practice in drafting, revising, and editing expository essays of some length and complexity. Study of the logical, rhetorical, and linguistic structure of expository prose. Methods and conventions of preparing research papers. Students must attain a minimum grade of C to fulfill degree requirements.

201 Reading and Writing about Texts (3:3:0). Close analysis of literary texts, including but not limited to poetry, fiction, and drama. Emphasis on reading and writing exercises to develop basic interpretive skills. Examination of figurative language, central ideas, relationship between structure and meaning, narrative point of view, etc.

202 Texts and Contexts (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ENGL 201 or permission of department. Study of literary texts within the framework of culture. Examination of texts within such categories as history, gender, sexuality, religion, race, class, and nation. Builds on reading and writing skills taught in ENGL 201.

203, 204 Western Literary Masterworks (3:3:0), (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ENGL 201 or permission of department. Great works of Western civilization. ENGL 203 focuses on writers such as Homer, Sophocles, Euripides, Dante, Cervantes, Machiavelli, and Montaigne. ENGL 204 covers writers such as Moliere, Mme. de Lafayette, Goethe, Ibsen, Flaubert, Dostoyevski, Tolstoy, Mann, Kafka, Borges, and Soyinka. All readings are in modern English. Courses build on reading and writing skills taught in ENGL 201.

209 EdiT: Enhanced Digital Text (1:1:0). Corequisite: ENGL 201. Four-week linked course that teaches students to use and understand technology in a literary framework. Also provides the skills needed to more effectively use computers in other courses. Different ways of presenting or encountering a text, concentrating on the history and politics of print, the web, and digitization. Hypertext theory and technological enhancements that add to a text without diluting its argument are also addressed. Students will learn the principles of integrating the text, image, and sound. Assumes no prior computer competency.

302 Advanced Composition (3:3:0). Prerequisites: Completion of 45 credits, 3 credits of composition, and up to 6 credits of literature (literature requirements vary among degree programs). Intensive practice in writing and analyzing such expository forms as the essay, article, proposal, and technical or scientific reports with emphasis on research related to the student's major field. The Schedule of Classes designates particular sections of ENGL 302 in the following broad areas: business, humanities, natural sciences and technology, social sciences. Students must attain a minimum grade of C to fulfill degree requirements.

309 Introduction to Nonfiction Writing (3:3:0). Not to be taken concurrently with ENGL 399 or 489, and not to be taken by students who have already taken ENGL 489. Advanced practice in analyzing and writing such nonfiction forms as the essay, profile, article, and technical or scientific report, depending on the interests of the individual student. (Not a remedial course.)

311 Writing Ethnography (3:3:0). Study and practice of ethnographic writing. Students conduct ethnographic investigations and practice journal keeping, field note recording, interviewing, transcription, and interpretation. Includes introduction to current issues in ethnographic writing.

325 Dimensions of Writing and Literature (6:6:0). Examines English as a discipline and develops interpretive skills that students will need for further study in the major. All sections cover such issues as form, genre, point of view, figurative language, conventions of close reading and of literary interpretation, and the ways in which culture shapes texts. In addition to regular class meetings, students are required to attend weekly lectures, performances, or readings. Open to all students. Required of those majoring or minoring in English, who should take ENGL 325 before taking other 300- or 400-level literature courses, and who must obtain a minimum grade of C to satisfy degree requirements in the English major or minor.

326 General Linguistics (3:3:0). See LING 326.

327 Introduction to Cultural Studies (3:3:0). Introduction to the interpretive practices associated with the field of cultural studies.

332 Introduction to Film (3:3:0). Introduction to film medium as an art form.

333 Folklore of the Americas (3:3:0). Topics include folktales, personal narratives, legends, proverbs, jokes, folk songs, folk art, folk craft, and folk architecture. Consideration of ethnicity, community, family, festival, folklore in literature, and oral history. Discussion of traditions in students' own lives.

334 Literary Approaches to Popular Culture (3:3:0). Emphasis on popular fiction and adaptation of popular prose genres to media that have strong verbal and visual elements. Relationship between verbal and nonverbal elements of such media as film, comics, and radio.

335, 336 Shakespeare (3:3:0). Twenty selected plays. ENGL 335 emphasizes histories and comedies; ENGL 336, tragedies and romances.

337 Special Topics in Myth and Literature (3:3:0). Study of the ways in which the traditional mythologies have been reflected in English and American literature and other texts as themes, motifs, and patterns. May be repeated once for credit when course content is different.

338 Cultural Constructions of Sexualities (3:3:0). Introductory survey of cultural, literary, and theoretical constructions of sexuality that seeks to complicate traditionally fixed categories of identity. Examination of various representations of human sexuality, with particular attention to its intersections with gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, and class.

340 American Visions (3:3:0). Survey of influential and representative American cultural texts that attempt to define the American community and the struggle of subordinate groups for fuller participation in the life of the nation. Emphasis on the close analysis of primary texts, especially literary works, and their relationship to the larger cultural context.

344 Introduction to Digital Writing in the Genres (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ENGL 396 or permission of instructor. Combined workshop and studio course in technological and aesthetic issues of reading and writing hypermedia texts with an emphasis on one of the following: poetry, fiction, creative nonfiction, mixed genre, drama, or performance. Exploration of how a genre meets hypertext and hypermedia in original creative work. Includes techniques in authoring interactive hypermedia projects using a variety of digital media tools. May include reading assignments in hypertext and hypermedia theory.

345 Special Topics: Literary Surveys (3:3:0). Advanced introduction to the major movements and representative figures of two or more centuries or periods of American, British, European, or world literature. May be repeated once for credit when course content is different.

349 Global Voices (3:3:0). Prerequisite: 45 credits, ENGL 100 or 101, and ENGL 201. Study of two cultures (other than contemporary British or American) through the exploration of several textual forms such as written literature, oral literature, film, folklore, and/or popular culture. Specific cultures will vary, but at least one is non-Western. Lecture format.

350 The Idea of a World Literature (3:3:0). Prerequisites: 45 credits, ENGL 100 or 101, and ENGL 201. Examines the history and current status of conceptions of world literature, considering such topics as non-European influences on Western literature, the shifting horizons of comparative literature, the rise of postcolonial literature, the place of translation, and the role of international institutions such as UNESCO and the Nobel Prize. Focuses on the degree to which these initiatives have been successful in promoting a global understanding of literary production.

360, 363 Special Topics in Literature (3:3:0). Study of literature by topics, such as women in literature, science fiction, and literature of the avant garde. Topic changes each time the course is offered. May be repeated when course content is different.

368 Beginnings of African American Literature through 1865 (3:3:0). Concentrating on such poets as Phillis Wheatley, Jupiter Hammon, Lucy Terry, and George Moses Horton, this course examines significant African American literary, social, and political texts produced through 1865. Special attention will be devoted to narrative accounts of enslavement and freedom by Frederick Douglass, Harriet Jacobs, and Olaudah Equiano; the political writings and orations of David Walker and Soujourner Truth; the fiction of Harriet Wilson and William Wells Brown; and nonwritten cultural artifacts such as slave songs and spirituals.

369 Women and Literature (3:3:0). Exploration of the experience of women as both authors of and subjects in imaginative literature. May be repeated for credit when subtitle is different.

370 African American Literature: Reconstruction to 1903 (3:3:0). Engages several major writers from Reconstruction to the beginning of the 20th century, concluding with W.E.B. DuBois's The Souls of Black Folk. Concentrating especially on the evolution of African American fiction and poetry as well as on political and social discourses on "race," this course explores how authors such as Frances E.W. Harper, Charles Chesnutt, Pauline Hopkins, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Anna Julia Cooper, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Booker T. Washington, and DuBois shaped the foundation for 20th-century African American literary art and aesthetics.

371 African American Literature through 1946 (3:3:0). Focusing on fiction, poetry, drama, and autobiography, this course explores the evolution of African American literature and aesthetics and major social, cultural, and historical movements such as the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and the emergence of black naturalism, realism, and modernism in the 1930s and 1940s. Major authors include Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, Jessie Fauset, James Weldon Johnson, Jean Toomer, Nella Larsen, Margaret Walker, Chester Himes, Richard Wright, and Ann Petry.

372 Contemporary African American Literature (3:3:0). Encompassing a wide array of genres and forms, this course examines black writing from the middle of the 20th century to the present. It will engage textual, critical, political, and theoretical issues related to cardinal literary movements, such as the Black Arts Movement of the 1960s and the Third Renaissance of the 1980s and 1990s. In addition, the course examines how musical forms such as blues, jazz, and rap have contributed to and shaped literary production. Major authors to be investigated include Ralph Ellison, Gwendolyn Brooks, James Baldwin, Lorraine Hansberry, Amiri Baraka, Alice Walker, Ernest Gaines, Gloria Naylor, August Wilson, and Toni Morrison.

380 Recent American Fiction (3:3:0). American short story writers and novelists from World War II to the present, including Mailer, Barth, Cheever, Oates, Gass, Beattie, Updike, and Morrison.

390 Recent American Poetry (3:3:0). Major American poets from World War II to the present, with emphasis on the work of such poets as Roethke, Brooks, Rich, Dickey, Lowell, Ammons, Kizer, Sexton, Clifton, Plath, and Piercy.

396 Introduction to Creative Writing (3:3:0). Introduction to the theory and practice of creative writing. Assignments include writing exercises and original works of poetry and fiction. May also include drama and/or creative nonfiction. Includes reading assignments in covered genres, and may include oral presentations or in-class performance. Original student work is read and discussed in class and in conference with the instructor.

397 Poetry Writing (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ENGL 396 or permission of instructor. Workshop course in reading and writing poetry. Original student work is read and discussed in class and in conferences with the instructor. Includes technical exercises in the craft of poetry and may include reading assignments.

398 Fiction Writing (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ENGL 396 or permission of instructor. Workshop course in reading and writing fiction. Original student work is read and discussed in class and in conferences with the instructor. Includes technical exercises in the craft of fiction and may include reading assignments.

399 Creative Nonfiction Writing (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ENGL 309 or 396 or permission of instructor. Workshop course in the reading and writing of nonfiction that makes use of literary techniques normally thought of in the context of fiction, such as evoking senses and the use of dialogue. Original student work is read and discussed in class and in conferences with the instructor. Includes technical exercises in the artful creating of nonfiction and may include reading assignments.

400 Literature of the Middle Ages (3:3:0). Selected English narrative, dramatic, and homiletic literature written between 1300 and 1500, exclusive of Chaucer.

401 English Poetry and Prose of the 16th Century (3:3:0). Poetry and prose of the early Renaissance in England.

402 English Poetry and Prose of the 17th Century (3:3:0). English poetry and prose from 1603 to 1688, excluding Milton.

404 The Augustan Age (3:3:0). English literature from the late 17th century to the middle of the 18th century. Writers such as Dryden, Rochester, Behn, Defoe, Swift, Pope, and Montagu.

405 The Age of Sensibility (3:3:0). English literature of the later 18th century, the time of the American and French Revolutions, including new developments in the novel, drama, biography, and poetry. Writers such as Johnson, Boswell, Blake, Goldsmith, Sterne, Gray, Cowper, Burney, Godwin, and Wollstonecraft.

406 English Poetry of the Romantic Period (3:3:0). Works of the major poets of the Romantic period: Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, and Keats.

407 Prose and Poetry of the Victorian Period (3:3:0). Poetry and nonfiction prose by such authors as Carlyle, Arnold, Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Browning, Ruskin, Mill, and Wilde.

408 Special Topics: British Literary Periods (3:3:0). In depth study of a selected period of British literature. In addition to literary examples, materials may be chosen from the art, philosophy, or popular culture of the time. When subtitle is different, may be repeated once for credit with permission of department.

410 Technical and Report Writing (3:3:0). Prerequisites: Six credits of composition, including ENGL 302, and six credits in humanities or permission of instructor. Intensive study and practice in various forms of technical writing, including formal and informal reports, proposals, and technical correspondence. Emphasis on writing for a variety of audiences, both lay and informed, and on writing within various professional and organizational contexts.

414 Honors Seminar (3:3:0). Prerequisite: Permission of the department. Emphasizing growth in the student's awareness of literary scholarship as a discipline, the honors seminars provide an opportunity for advanced study in literary and cultural criticism. Courses cover a variety of topics, including the consideration of a literary period, genre, author, work, theme, discourse, or critical theory. Course may be repeated for credit.

415 Honors Thesis Writing Seminar (3:3:0). Prerequisite: Permission of the department and ENGL 414 or 416. Course gives students who wish to write an English honors thesis guidance in research methods, while allowing them the opportunity to share and critique one another's works in progress in a workshop format. Students may take the thesis seminar concurrently and in coordination with another approved course offered by the English Department. In this case, the thesis of about 30 pages explores an area covered by the second course, and the instructor in that course serves as a reader and advisor to the thesis. Students receive credit for both the thesis seminar and the second course; however, thesis work may substitute for some assigned work in the second course by arrangement of the instructors of the thesis seminar and the second course.

416 Honors Independent Study (1-3:0:0). Prerequisites: Admission to the honors program in English and permission of the instructor. An intensive writing course. Honors students concentrating in nonfiction writing and editing may use English 416 to replace English 414 as their first course in the honors program. Honors students concentrating in creative writing may use English 416 to replace 415 as their second course in the honors program.

421 Topics in Film History (3:3:0). Advanced studies of the development of film language, both as a cultural practice and as a medium for formal innovation. Topics might include studies of national cinemas, historical periods, genres, or individual directors. May be repeated once for credit when topic is distinctly different.

422 Topics in Film Theory (3:3:0). Advanced studies of theories about various aspects of the production, distribution, and reception of film-mediated experiences. Topics might include theories of the spectator, semiotics, feminist film theory, theories of narrativity, structuralist film theory, and/or deconstruction. May be repeated once for credit when topic is distinctly different.

423 Colonial and Federalist American Literature (3:3:0). Works of the first 200 years of American literature, including Edwards, Franklin, Irving, Cooper, and Bryant.

425 Literature of the American Renaissance (3:3:0). Major writers of the American Renaissance (1830­1865), with emphasis on the works of Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, Whitman, Poe, Stowe, Douglass, and Dickinson.

429 Special Topics: American Literary Periods (3:3:0). In-depth study of a selected period of American literature. In addition to literary examples, materials may be chosen from the art, philosophy, or popular culture of the time. May be repeated once for credit when subtitle is different, with permission of department.

431/HIST 431/FRLN 431 Medieval Intellectual Topics (3:3:0). May be taken for credit by English or history majors. Examination of a selected topic in the intellectual history of the Middle Ages. Specific topic may vary. Primary emphasis is literary or historical, depending on the discipline of the instructor. Relevant material drawn from philosophy, theology, and art may be considered.

436 19th-Century Continental Novels in Translation (3:3:0). Selected European novels in translation. Course focus is the continental novel from the 18th century to the end of the 19th century and includes works of such writers as Balzac, Goethe, Gogol, Stendhal, Turgenev, Flaubert, Dostoievski, Tolstoy, and Chekhov.

437 20th-Century Continental Novels in Translation (3:3:0). Course focus is the continental novel from the beginning of the 20th century to the present and includes such writers as Proust, Mann, Gide, Kafka, Yourcevar, Beauvoir, Calvino, and Garcia Marquez. Attention to the influence of this literature on the novel in English. (Offered in cooperation with the Department of Modern and Classical Languages.)

439 Special Topics: Non-British or American Literature (3:3:0). Study of selected topics, periods, genres, or authors in commonwealth or in Asian literatures. May be repeated once for credit when subtitle is different, with permission of department.

440 English Renaissance Drama (3:3:0). Major dramas and dramatists of the English Renaissance, such as Jonson, Lyly, Marlowe, Middleton, Webster, and Ford.

443 Restoration and 18th-Century Drama (3:3:0). Restoration comedy of manners, sentimental comedy, and neoclassical and bourgeois tragedy. Theories of drama and conventions of staging. Writers such as Wycherley, Behn, Congreve, and Cowley.

445 English and Irish Drama of the 20th Century (3:3:0). English and/or Irish drama from Yeats to the present. Plays by authors such as Yeats, Synge, O'Casey, Osborne, Wesker, Pinter, Friel, Churchill, and Gems.

447 American Drama of the 20th Century (3:3:0). American drama of the 20th century with special attention to playwrights such as Glaspell, O'Neill, Miller, Williams, Fornes, and Albee.

448 Modern Drama (3:3:0). Representative plays of the major and most influential European and American dramatists, with emphasis on dramatic styles such as realism, expressionism, epic, and existentialism. Authors such as Chekhov, Ibsen, Strindberg, Brecht, and Beckett are studied.

449 Special Topics in Drama (3:3:0). Study of selected topics, periods, or playwrights. May be repeated once for credit when subtitle is different, with permission of department.

450 English Novel of the 18th Century (3:3:0). English novel from its beginnings through the turn of the 19th century. Works by such authors as Behn, Defoe, Haywood, Richardson, Fielding, Sterne, Burney, Smollett, and Austen.

452 Development of the American Novel to 1914 (3:3:0). Major American novels of the pre-World War I period with emphasis on the work of Brown, Cooper, Hawthorne, Melville, Twain, Howells, James, Crane, Dreiser, Norris, and others.

453 English Novel of the 19th Century (3:3:0). Works by such authors as Dickens, Thackeray, the Brontes, Eliot, Trollope, and Hardy.

454 Development of the American Novel since 1914 (3:3:0). Works by such authors as Fitzgerald, Hemingway, Faulkner, Dos Passos, Wolfe, Bellow, and Nabokov.

456 English Novel of the 20th Century (3:3:0). Works by such authors as Conrad, Forster, Lawrence, Joyce, Woolf, Greene, Lessing, Spark, and Fowles.

458 Advanced Fiction Writing Workshop (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ENGL 398 or equivalent and permission of instructor. Students must submit a typed manuscript at least one week before registration. Workshop course. Intensive practice in creative writing and study of the creative process. Intended for students already writing original creative work. By permission of instructor, may be taken a second time for credit.

459 Special Topics in Fiction (3:3:0). Study of selected topics, periods, or authors. May be repeated once for credit when subtitle is different, with permission of department.

462 English Poetry of the 20th Century (3:3:0). Emphasis on work of Hardy, Yeats, Lawrence, Graves, Auden, Thomas, and Hughes. Work of fiction employing poetic techniques, such as Joyce's Ulysses, may also be studied.

463 American Poetry of the 20th Century (3:3:0). Emphasis on the work of Robinson, Frost, Stevens, Williams, Pound, Crane, Eliot, and Lowell. Work of fiction employing poetic techniques, such as Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury, may also be studied.

464 Advanced Poetry Writing Workshop (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ENGL 397 or equivalent and permission of instructor. Students must submit a typed manuscript at least one week before registration. Intensive practice in the craft of poetry and study of the imagination in the creative process. Intended for students already writing original poetry. At the discretion of the instructor, technical exercises and assigned reading may be required. By permission of instructor, may be taken a second time for credit.

468 Special Topics in Poetry (3:3:0). Study of selected topics, periods, or poets. May be repeated once for credit when subtitle is different, with permission of department.

471 Chaucer (3:3:0). Major works of Chaucer, with emphasis on The Canterbury Tales.

472 Spenser (3:3:0). Poetry of Edmund Spenser, with central emphasis on The Faerie Queene.

473 Special Studies in Shakespeare (3:3:0). Study of one aspect of Shakespeare's art or critical issues surrounding his work. May be repeated once for credit when subtitle is different, with permission of department.

474 Milton (3:3:0). Milton's major poetic works, with emphasis on Paradise Lost.

477 Special Topics: British Authors (3:3:0). Study of one or two major figures in British literature. May be repeated once for credit when subtitle is different, with permission of department.

478 Special Topics: American Authors (3:3:0). Study of one or two major figures in American literature. May be repeated once for credit when subtitle is different, with permission of department.

489 Advanced Nonfiction Writing (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ENGL 309 or 399, or permission of instructor. Workshop course. Intensive practice in advanced nonfiction writing; emphasis on writing for publication. Occasional special topics sections in such forms as autobiography and scientific writing.

490 Special Topics in Film (3:3:0). American and foreign films selected by type, period, or director with the emphasis varying from year to year. Required viewings, student discussion, and written critiques. May be repeated with permission of department.

491 Special Topics in Folklore (3:3:0). Exploration of various aspects of folklore and folklife such as folklore and literature, folk arts, folk song, and material culture. May be repeated once for credit when subtitle is different, with permission of department.

492 Science Fiction (3:3:0). Major works of science fiction in terms of mode, themes, and narrative techniques, especially the role of hypothesis in science fiction. Focus on novels and short stories from the early 19th century to the present.

493 Special Topics in Popular Literature (3:3:0). Study of a specific topic or theme in popular literature. May be repeated once for credit when subtitle is different, with permission of department.

494 Special Topics in Criticism (3:3:0). Study of a selected approach to literary criticism, as announced, with exercises in critical analysis. Includes new criticism, structuralism, psychoanalysis, and Marxism. May be repeated with permission of department.

495 Literary Modes (3:3:0). Theory and practice of such modes as tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, romance, and satire, considered in separate semesters and drawn from a variety of periods ranging from biblical times to the present, with examples from drama, poetry, and fiction. May be repeated with permission of department.

496 Special Topics: British or American Literature (3:3:0). Study of a selected literary topic, period, or genre, as announced. May be repeated with permission of department.

497 Special Topics in Creative Writing (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ENGL 396 or equivalent and permission of instructor. Students must submit a typed manuscript at least one week before registration. Workshop course. Intensive practice in creative writing and study of the creative process. Concentrates on a specialized literary type other than the short story or poetry (for example, playwriting, screenwriting, children's literature, travel literature, autobiography, the gothic novel, translation). The concentration is announced in the department's Course Description Booklet before preregistration. Intended for students already writing original creative work. By permission of instructor, may be taken a second time for credit.

498 Internship: Special Topics (1-3:0:0). Prerequisites: 60 credits including 3 credits of a 100-level English course, 6 credits of 200-level English courses, 3 credits of English 302, 6 additional credits of upper-level English courses (English majors), 3 additional credits of upper-level English courses and 3 credits of upper-level courses in the major (non-English majors). Internships are unpaid, approved work-study positions at specific sites arranged by interested students and their advisors. A student, under supervision of a faculty advisor, works as an intern with a site supervisor in an agency of the student's choosing (given advisor's permission). For three hours of credit, students work 120 hours on site and write 3,500 words, or the equivalent, given their contracts with their advisors. Contact the English Department one semester prior to enrollment. No more than three credits can be counted in a concentration or the English minor. May be repeated for credit once with permission of department.

499 Independent Study (1-3:0:0). Prerequisites: Permission of department and permission of instructor. Open only to English majors with 90 credits and 15 credits in 300- and 400-level courses. Intensive study of a particular author, genre, period, or critical or theoretical problem in literature or linguistics, to be conducted by an individual student in close consultation with an instructor. Student produces at least one substantial piece of written work during the semester on the findings of his or her research. (By permission of department, the course may be taken twice for a maximum of six credits.)

With permission of department, qualified undergraduates may enroll in 500-level courses for either undergraduate or reserved graduate credit.

503 Theory and Practice of Editing (3:3:0). Prerequisite: Six credits of English courses numbered above 300, including one advanced writing course309, 311, 396, 397, 398, 410, 458, 464, 489, 497or permission of department. Instruction in revising, editing, and preparing specialized writing for printing. Emphasis on methods of achieving clarity, accuracy, and completeness. Lecture and discussion on editing and printing techniques, practical exercise in revision, layout, and production.

504 Internship in Writing and Editing (3:0:0). Prerequisite: Open to senior English majors and graduate students pursuing the M.A. in English or the M.F.A. Contact the English Department one semester prior to enrollment. Internships are approved work-study positions in writing or editing established by the English Department with specific employers. Variable credit. Variable prerequisites.

505 Computer-Assisted Publications Writing and Design (3:3:0). Theory and practice of using computer programs to design and produce publications including brochures, fliers, newsletters, and small magazines. Course work includes readings, writing papers, and producing and editing copy and original publications.

506 Research for Narrative Writing (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ENGL 565 or 566 or permission of instructor. Course combines the study of basic research tools with field work and the writing workshop experience. Helps students develop the techniques and skills necessary for writing a research-dependent project of sufficient complexity to be of book or long essay length. The emphasis is on finding the story behind the facts using material from numerous sources of differing lengths.

507 Field Work in Applied Linguistics (3:0:0). See LING 507.

511 Styles and Modes in Literary History (3:3:0). Prerequisites: 15 credits of advanced undergraduate English courses and permission of department, or a baccalaureate degree. Historical consideration of some of the principal styles, modes, and intellectual paradigms in literary and cultural texts.

512/PHIL 512 Issues in Literature and Philosophy (3:3:1). Prerequisites: Graduate or senior standing, six credits of upper-level English, six credits of philosophy, and permission of instructor. Interdisciplinary seminar that offers students an opportunity to arrive at a personal synthesis of work previously done in philosophy and literature. Topic changes yearly but focuses on themes or methodologies common to both disciplines.

513 Advanced Special Topics in English (3:3:0). Prerequisites: 15 credits of advanced undergraduate English courses and permission of department, or a baccalaureate degree. Intensive study of selected topics involving literary and/or other texts (e.g., film, television, opera, folklore). May be repeated for credit with permission of department.

514/CL 514 Theories of Comparative Literature (3:3:0). Prerequisites: CL 300 and senior standing, or baccalaureate degree, or permission of instructor. Intensive study of the major theories of comparative literature with special emphasis on the development and redefinition of the comparative outlook, from Great Books and the Western Canon to transnationalism, multiculturalism, and intercultural studies.

520 Descriptive Linguistics (3:3:0). See LING 520.

521 Applied Linguistics: Teaching English as a Second Language (3:3:0). See LING 521.

522 Modern English Grammar (3:3:0). See LING 522.

523 Descriptive Aspects of English Phonetics and Phonology (3:3:0). See LING 523.

551 Literary Criticism (3:3:0). Studies in selected critical theories pertinent to textual and cultural analysis.

564 Form of Poetry (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ENGL 464 or equivalent and permission of instructor, except for M.F.A. ^students in the concentration. Students wanting permission must submit a typed manuscript of original poetry. Intensive study of and practice in the formal elements of poetry through the analysis of models and weekly or biweekly writing assignments. Intended for students already writing original poetry. Students study rhyme, meter, rhythm and other musical elements of poetry, lineation, stanza pattern, traditional and experimental forms, free verse and open-form composition, lyric, narrative, and dramatic modes.

565 Forms of Nonfiction (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ENGL 489 or equivalent and permission of instructor, except for M.A. and M.F.A. candidates in English. Intensive study of and practice in various forms of nonfiction writing through the analysis of models and weekly writing assignments. Forms to be studied include biographies, documentaries, editorials, interviews, reports, reviews, and essays.

566 Forms of Fiction (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ENGL 458 or equivalent and permission of instructor, except for M.F.A. ^students in the concentration. Students wanting permission must submit a typed manuscript of original fiction. Intensive practice in the formal elements of fiction, through the analysis of models and weekly or biweekly writing assignments. Intended for students already writing original fiction. Students study description, narration, plot, dialogue, voice, point of view, style, epiphany, and antifiction techniques.

581 Psycholinguistics (3:3:0). See LING 581.

582 Second Language Acquisition (3:3:0). See LING 582.

591 Special Topics in Folklore (3:3:0). Exploration of various aspects of folklore and folklife such as folk narrative and storytelling, folklore and literature, and folk song and folk arts. May be repeated once for credit when subtitle is different, with permission of department.

592 Historical Studies of the English Language (3:3:0). Either (1) a chronological survey of the development of English from Old and Middle English to Modern English and American English or (2) an intensive study of the grammar and syntax of Old English as a literary language in representative texts of the period. May be repeated for credit with permission of the department.

604 Internship in Folklore (1-6:0:0). Prerequisites:One undergraduate or graduate course in folklore, which may be taken concurrently. Internships are unpaid, approved work-study positions at specific sites arranged by interested students and their advisors. A student, under supervision of a faculty advisor, works as an intern with a site supervisor in an agency of the student's choosing (given advisor's permission). For three hours of credit, students work 120 hours on site and write 3,500 words, or the equivalent, given their contracts with their advisors. Contact the English Department one semester prior to enrollment.

610 Proseminar in Teaching the Reading of Literature (3:3:0). Methods of teaching literature. Includes study of methods of literary analysis and ways of developing student responses to literature, with some classroom practice. (Does not satisfy Virginia certification requirement in diagnostic or developmental reading.)

611 Studies in Rhetoric (3:3:0). Reading and discussion of several major texts that address patterns of discourse, communication, and other issues of rhetoric. Content varies. Recent offerings include 20th-century rhetoric, collaborative writing, and computers and rhetoric. May be repeated for credit with permission of the department.

612 Cultures of Professional Writing (3:3:0). Students work as ethnographers, studying selected sites where people write professionally and analyzing the ways in which the production and reception of writing both contribute to and result from the local culture of each site. Lecture and workshop format.

613 Technical and Scientific Writing (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ENGL 565 or permission of department. Intensive study of theory and practice of technical and scientific writing, with emphasis on writing for a variety of audiences. Focus on writing and evaluating formal reports, articles for lay as well as technical audiences, proposals, theses, manuals, and other forms of technical prose.

614 Internship in the Teaching of Writing (1-3:0:0). Internships provide experience working in a teaching program such as in a school or writing center. Students, under the direction of a faculty member, must secure the cooperation of the on-site supervisor. Students work a minimum of three hours per week per credit to be awarded, keep a weekly reflective and analytical log, and communicate regularly with the faculty director. May not be repeated for credit.

615 Proseminar in Composition Instruction (3:3:0). Methods of teaching expository writing. Includes consideration of planning of courses, practice in teaching and in grading papers, and study of recent developments in the teaching of writing.

616 Nonfiction Writing Workshop (1-6:1-6:0). Prerequisites: ENGL 565, which may be taken concurrently, and permission of instructor, except for M.F.A. ^students in the concentration. Intensive practice in the craft of nonfiction and study of the creative process. Intended for students already familiar with traditional and contemporary nonfiction and already writing original nonfiction. At the discretion of the instructor, reading may be required. May be repeated for credit with permission of department.

617 Poetry Writing Workshop (1-6:1-6:0). Prerequisites: ENGL 564, which may be taken concurrently, and permission of instructor, except for M.F.A. students in the concentration. Intensive practice in the craft of poetry and study of the creative process. Intended for students already familiar with traditional and contemporary poetic modes and already writing original poetry. At the discretion of the instructor, reading may be required. May be repeated for credit with permission of department.

618 Fiction Writing Workshop (1-6:1-6:0). Prerequisites: ENGL 566, which may be taken concurrently, and permission of instructor, except for M.F.A. students in the concentration. Intensive practice in the craft of fiction and study of the creative process. Intended for students already familiar with traditional and contemporary fiction and already writing original fiction. At the discretion of the instructor, reading may be required. May be repeated for credit with permission of department.

619 Special Topics in Writing (3:3:0). Prerequisite: Two graduate writing courses and/or permission of instructor, except for M.F.A. ^students in the concentration. Workshop course. Intensive practice in creative writing and study of the creative process. Concentrates on a specialized literary type other than the short story (i.e., essay, playwriting, film writing, children's literature, travel literature, autobiography, the gothic novel, translation); the concentration is announced in the department's Course Description Booklet. Intended for students already writing original creative work. May be repeated for credit with permission of department.

625 British Medieval (3:3:0). Selected literary author(s), works, or movements from between 1300 and 1500, studied in Middle English. Content varies. May be repeated twice for credit with permission of department.

630 Early Modern (3:3:0). Selected literary author(s), works, or movements of the English Renaissance. Content varies. May be repeated three times for credit with permission of department.

635 Eighteenth-Century British (3:3:0). Selected English literary author(s), works, or movements of the 18th century. Content varies. May be repeated twice for credit with permission of department.

640 Nineteenth-Century British (3:3:0). Selected English literary author(s), works, or movements of the 19th century. Content varies. May be repeated twice for credit with permission of department.

645 Twentieth-Century British (3:3:0). Selected English literary author(s), works, or movements of the 20th century. Content varies. May be repeated twice for credit with permission of department.

650 Seventeenth-Century American (3:3:0). Selected literary author(s), works, or movements of the "new world" before 1800. Content varies. May be repeated once for credit with permission of department.

655 Nineteenth-Century American (3:3:0). Selected American literary author(s), works, or movements of the 19th century. Content varies. May be repeated twice for credit with permission of department.

660 Twentieth-Century American (3:3:0). Selected American literary author(s), works, or movements of the 20th century. Content varies. May be repeated for credit with permission of department.

670 Visual Culture: Theories and Histories (3:3:0). Prerequisite: Introductory film course or permission of instructor. Advanced study in histories of visual representation (including film, television, and video) and in theories of the production and circulation of meanings in visual culture. May be repeated once for credit with permission of department.

675 Feminist Theory and Criticism (3:3:0). Seminar designed to present a historically based introduction to the major debates within feminist theory and criticism. Stressing the role of gender in literature and its interpretation, the course explores the diverse collection of feminist interpretive practices.

676 Introduction to Cultural Studies (3:3:0). An advanced introduction to the theoretical practice now known as "cultural studies," with particular attention given to its role in textual studies. Part of the interdisciplinary cultural studies Ph.D. program, as well as the M.A. in English.

685 Selected Topics, Movements, or Genres of Literature in English (3:3:0). Content varies. May be repeated for credit with permission of department.

686 Special Topics in Linguistics (3:3:0). See LING 686.

690 Generative Phonology (3:3:0). See LING 690.

691 Theories of Language (3:3:0). See LING 691.

692 Phonology II (3:3:0). See LING 692.

695/EDUC 695 Northern Virginia Writing Project Inservice Program (1,2,3:0:0). Prerequisite: Admission to the graduate program or permission of department. Offered at the request of a school division or other education agency to assist teachers in improving student writing and the use of writing to learn. Content varies. May be repeated once for credit with permission of department.

696/EDUC 696 Northern Virginia Writing Project Teacher/Research Seminar (3:0:0). Prerequisite: ENGL 695/EDUC 695 or NVWP Summer Institute. Designed to acquaint classroom teachers with current findings related to the composing process and methods of studying writing in a school setting. Focus on development of a proposal investigating some aspect of the composing process. Teachers who have developed a proposal before enrolling will conduct the research during the course.

697/EDUC 697 Theory of Composition (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ENGL 615, ENGL 695/EDUC 695, or equivalent. Designed to acquaint classroom teachers with current theory relating to writing and the teaching of composition. Focus is on making explicit the theories of the participants, on reading the works of leading theorists, and on developing a statement describing the implications of theoretical consistency in the teaching of writing.

699 Workshop in English (1-3:0:0). Prerequisite: Admission to the graduate program or permission of department. Concentrated workshops, educational tours, independent studies, and special seminars dealing with selected topics in writing, linguistics, film, the electronic media, and literature written in English. All tours are optional and may be replaced by specified work conducted on campus. May be repeated for credit with permission of the department, but no more than six credits of ENGL 699 may be applied toward a master's degree in English. No more than three credits of 699 may be applied to the literature requirement for an M.F.A. degree.

701 Literary Scholarship (3:3:0). Introduction to research in English, including practice in library methods, the writing of a critical bibliography, the evaluation of issues and problems in the discipline, and a survey of scholarly activities in the department.

705 Literary Theory and Criticism (3:3:0). Major theories of literature and methods of analyzing and evaluating literary works. Content varies. May be repeated once for credit with permission of the department.

750 Advanced Workshop in Poetry Writing (3:3:0). Open to M.F.A. ^students only. Intensive practice in the craft of poetry for experienced writers. May be repeated for credit with permission of the department.

751 Advanced Workshop in Fiction Writing (1-6:1-6:0). Open to M.F.A. students only. Intensive practice in the craft of fiction for experienced writers. May be repeated for credit with permission.

752 Advanced Workshop in Nonfiction Writing (1-6:1-6:0). Open to M.F.A. ^students only. Intensive practice in the craft of nonfiction for experienced writers. May be repeated for credit with permission.

785 Semantics and Pragmatics (3:3:0). See LING 785.

786 Syntax I (3:3:0). See LING 786.

787 Syntax II (3:3:0). See LING 787.

790 Seminar in English/Cultural Studies (3:3:0). Prerequisite: Nine credits of graduate English courses including 701 or permission of department. Analysis of historical shifts in literary and cultural discourse. Major research paper required. Specific topics vary. May be repeated once for credit with permission of department.

791 Seminar in English/Cultural Studies (3:3:0). Prerequisite: Nine credits of graduate English courses including 701 or permission of department. Analysis of relationships between literary and nonliterary elements of a culture within a specific historical moment. Major research paper required. Specific topics vary. May be repeated once for credit with permission of department.

798 Directed Reading and Research (1-3:0:0). Prerequisite: Open only to degree students who have completed 15 credits including ENGL 701 and have preregistered. Reading, research, and writing on a specific project under the direction of a department member. Oral or written report required. M.A. ^students may repeat once for credit with permission of department. M.F.A. ^students may present up to 12 hours of ENGL 798 for graduation, but no more than 3 of these may count toward completing the literature requirement.

799 Thesis (1-6:0:0). Students who take ENGL 798 to develop a thesis topic and then elect the thesis option receive three credits for ENGL 799 on completion of the thesis. Students who do not take ENGL 798 or who take it to work on a project unrelated to their thesis receive up to six credits for ENGL 799 on completion of the thesis. Graded S/NC.

800 Studies for the Doctor of Philosophy in Education (variable credit). Prerequisite: Admission to the Ph.D. in Education program to study in English. Program of studies designed by student's discipline director and approved by student's doctoral committee that prepares the student to do research and writing in the current area of interest of the discipline director. Enrollment may be repeated.

801 New Developments in English (3:3:0). Designed for students in the Doctor of Arts in Community College Education program. Focus is on major original texts that have influenced the discipline of English in the late 20th century. Readings are from literary studies, composition/writing theory, and linguistics.