George Mason University > University Catalog > Course Descriptions
2003-04 University Catalog George Mason University


Economics (ECON)

Economics

Individual courses taken for credit under their former numbers may not be repeated for credit under their present numbers. A grade of C or better in ECON 103 and 104 is a prerequisite to upper division economics courses.

100 Economics for the Citizen (3:3:0). Not available to economics majors. A broad introduction to economic concepts and how they can contribute to a better understanding of the world around us. Concepts are developed and applied to current economic and social problems and issues. Less formal modeling than in the 103­104 sequence.

103 Contemporary Microeconomic Principles (3:3:0). Introduction to microeconomics in the context of current problems. Explores how the market mechanism allocates scarce resources among competing uses; uses basic tools of supply and demand and production and distribution theory to analyze diverse problems.

104 Contemporary Macroeconomic Principles (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 103. Introduction to macroeconom ics in the context of current problems. National income analysis, money and banking, economic growth and stability, unemployment, inflation, and the role of government.

110 Introduction to Economic Science (2:2:0). Prerequisites: Registration is controlled; contact instructor for guidelines to register. Introduction to economics as an observational science, covering such topics as personal vs. impersonal exchange, strategic interdependence and game theory, group decision making, and market design.

111 Laboratory Methods in Economics (1:0:3). Prerequisites: Registration is controlled; contact instructor for guidelines to register. Participate in experimental economics research by recruiting subjects, writing experiment instructions, and monitoring sessions.

306 Intermediate Microeconomics (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 103 and 104, and MATH 108 or 113. Basic factors of price and distribution theory, including analysis of demand, costs of production and supply relationships, and price and output determination under various market structures.

309 Economic Problems and Public Policies (3:3:0). Prerequisites: Completion or concurrent enrollment in all other general education courses, ECON 103 and 104 or permission of instructor. Important economic problems in light of current and proposed public policies. Topics include environmental issues, international trade policies, and regulatory issues and their historical roots.

310 Money and Banking (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 103 and 104 or permission of instructor. Monetary, commercial, and central banking systems, with particular emphasis on their relationship with American government programs, fiscal policies, and controls.

311 Intermediate Macroeconomics (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 103 and 104 or permission of instructor. Aggregate economic accounts, including the measurement of national income; determinants of levels of income and output; and causes and solutions for problems of unemployment, inflation, and economic growth.

316 Economic Growth and Business Cycle (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 310 or 311 or permission of instructor. Factors contributing to sustained economic growth with additional emphasis on business fluctuations and their measurement.

320 Labor Problems (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 103 and 104 or permission of instructor. American labor unions and their effect on society. Causes of and proposed solutions to selected problems.

321 Economics of Labor (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 306. Factors that determine levels of wages and employment and economic consequences. Attention is directed to recent developments in unionism, collective bargaining, and industrial technology.

330 Public Finance (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 306 or permission of instructor. Intergovernmental financial relationships; types, incidences, and consequences of taxation; other sources of governmental income; governmental expenditures and their effect; public economic enterprises; public borrowing; and debt management and its economic effect.

335 Environmental Economics (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 103 and 104. Microeconomic analysis of environmental problems. Topics include an analysis of externali ties and market failure, alternative solutions and policies, problems in monitoring and enforcement, economic analysis of the development of legislation and regulation, and applications to current policy issues.

340 Introduction to Mathematical Economics (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 306 and 311 and MATH 113, or permission of instructor. Mathematical treatment of the theory of firm and household behavior, stabilization policy, growth theory, input-output analysis, and linear programming.

345 Introduction to Econometrics (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 306 and 311 and DESC 210, or STAT 250. Modern statistical techniques in estimating economic relations.

350 Regional and Urban Economics (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 306 or permission of instructor. Regional development and metropolitan growth, including locational decisions of households and firms and problems associated with high-density urban economic activity.

360 Economics of Developing Areas (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 103 and 104 or permission of instructor. Economic growth characteristic of developing countries. Economic development, obstacles to development, policies, and planning.

361 Economic Development of Latin America (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 103 and 104 or permission of instructor. For non-Western credit. Economic development, institutions, and problems of Latin America.

365 Topics in Economic History (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 103 and 104. Subject matter varies. Possible topics include ancient, medieval, modern European, and American economic history, using econometric analysis as necessary. May be repeated once for credit with permission of instructor.

370 Economics of Industrial Organization (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 306 or permission of instructor. Factors influencing industrial structure and industrial conduct and performance.

372 Economics of E-Commerce (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 103 or permission of instructor. Examines how the institutional rules, transaction costs, and the behavior of agents affect the performance of electronic marketplaces.

380 Economies in Transition (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 103 and 104 or permission of instructor. Examination of the problems and achievements of formerly communist and socialist countries (including China, Eastern European countries, and Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union) as they make the transition to more market-oriented economies. Includes examination of the theories of market economics and central planning.

390 International Economics (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 306 and 311 or permission of instructor. Foreign exchange market, balance of payment, foreign trade policies, and theories of international trade.

403 Austrian Economics (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 306 and 311. Microeconomic and macroeconomic models and the misallocation of resources. Alternative economic tools from the unique a priori and subjectivist approach of noted Austrian economists.

410 Public Choice (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 306. Application of economic theory and methodology to the study of nonmarket decision making.

412 Game Theory and Economics of Institutions (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 306 or permission of instructor. Introduction to game theory and its relevance for the analysis of the framework of rules and institutions within which economic processes occur. Application of game theoretical concepts to a comparative analysis of the causes and effects of alternative institutional arrangements.

415 Law and Economics (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 306 or permission of instructor. An economic analysis of the law. Topics include an introduction to legal institutions and legal analysis; application of economic concepts to the law of property, contracts and torts, criminal law, and constitutional law; the economic efficiency of the common law; and a public choice perspective on the evolution of the law.

440 Economic Systems Design: Principles and Experiments (3:3:0). Prerequisite: MATH 213. Introduction to the design principles used in developing systems used to allocate resources. Students will be required to participate in experiment demonstrations of different allocation mechanisms. In addition, students will be exposed to experimental methods in economics and market design.

441 Economic Systems Design: Case Studies and Analysis (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 440. Involves students in designing specific allocation mechanisms for specific problems. Students will be required to design and develop a mechanism to a specific allocation problem. Students must develop both an analytical model and a working engineering model of their mechanism.

442 Economic Systems Design: Implementation (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 441. Involves students in developing an experimental design to test their proposed allocation solution. The design process will include the construction of experimental parameters and treatments to test the mechanism and an initial test of the mechanism in a laboratory setting.

481 The Development of Economic Thought (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 306 and 311 or permission of instructor. Developments in economic thought from 1500 to the present. Emphasis on historical origins, impact on contemporary economics, and theoretical validity.

490 Senior Seminar on Problems in Economics (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 306 and 311, DESC 210, and 90 credits; economics majors only. Application of economic tools to investigate problems in economics.

496 Special Topics in Economics (3:3:0). Prerequisite: Varies with topic. Subject matter varies. May be repeated for credit with permission of department.

499 Independent Study (1-3:0:0). Prerequisites: Economics majors with 90 credits and permission of both department and instructor. Individual study of a selected area of economics. Directed research paper required. ECON 306 and 311, or equivalent, are prerequisites to all graduate courses except ECON 600 and 602. Undergraduates are not permitted to enroll in 600-level courses. Additional prerequisites are noted. With permission of the instructor, additional prerequisites may be waived.

535 Survey of Applied Econometrics (3:3:0). Prerequisites: DESC 210, ECON 306 and 311, or permission of instructor. Applied introduction to estimating economic relationships. Simple equation and simultaneous equation system estimation along with their associated problems. (Students who take ECON 535 may not take ECON 637 for credit.)

611 Microeconomic Theory (3:3:0). Prerequisite: Admission to the doctoral or master's program or ECON 306, ECON 311, and MATH 113, or permission of graduate coordinator. Theory of behavior of consumers, firms, and resource suppliers. Theories of choice under conditions of risk and uncertainty. Partial equilibrium analysis of competitive and noncompetitive markets. General equilibrium analysis, welfare economics, and introduction to capital theory.

615 Macroeconomic Theory (3:3:0). Prerequisite: Admission to the master's program in economics or ECON 306, ECON 311, and MATH 108, or permission of graduate coordinator. Survey course covering monetary theory, theories of consumption and saving, budget deficits, economic growth, international finance, and monetary and fiscal policies.

623 American Economic History (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 611 and 615, taken concurrently, or permission of instructor. ECON 637 is recommended. Growth and development of the American economy as well as the evolution of economic institutions.

630 Mathematical Economics I (3:3:0). Prerequisite: Admission to the doctoral or master's program or ECON 306, ECON 311, and MATH 113, or permission of instructor. Set theory, function, differential calculus, integration, series, and matrix algebra, with special emphasis on the economic applications.

632 Economic Systems Design - Principles and Experiments (3:3:0). Prerequisites: A course in linear and nonlinear optimization and a course in linear algebra. Introduction to the analytical and engineering principles used in developing exchange systems. Students will be required to become familiar with the literature on applied mechanism design and understand the behavioral aspects of auction systems, matching, assignment and transportation problems, and information markets. In addition, students will be introduced to methods for testbedding systems using experimental economics and statistical design.

633 Economic Systems Design - Case Studies and Analysis (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 632. Students will begin the process of doing research in design economic exchange system. The design process will include electronic instructions and design of information structures. Student will be responsible for research into the economic issues and practical design issues associated with their research project.

634 Economic Systems Design - Implementation (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 633. Students will do original research in economic systems design by constructing an engineering model of a solution to an allocation problem. Research will include an experimental and statistical design along with a complete description of hypothesis related to the construction of experimental parameters and treatments to test their mechanism. An initial test of the mechanism in a laboratory setting will be required.

637 Econometrics I (3:3:0). Prerequisite: Acceptance to the Ph.D. program, DESC 210, or permission of instructor. Techniques of estimating relationships between economic variables. Introduction to multiple regression and problems associated with the single equation model-autocorrelation, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity.

676 Comparative Economic Systems (3:3:0). Capitalism, socialism, and corporatism historical perspective. Includes examination of the economies of representative contemporary countries.

715 Macroeconomic Theory I (3:3:0). Prerequisite: Admission to the doctoral program or permission of graduate coordinator. Classical, neoclassical, Keynesian, and post-Keynesian theories of income and employment determination. Theories of inflation and growth. The demand for money and its implications for the effectiveness of monetary vs. fiscal policy.

812 Microeconomic Theory II (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 611. Nature of the firm, theory of supply, and production functions, factor pricing, and supplies. Introduction to microeconomic foundations of theories of public finance and public choice.

816 Macroeconomic Theory II (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 611 and 715 or permission of instructor. Aggregate economic activity and price levels with emphasis on dynamic models. Topics vary.

817 Monetary Theory and Policy (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 615 and 637 or permission of instructor. Theory of the mechanisms through which central banking affects economic activity and prices. Analysis of the demand for money and its relationship to economic activity. The development of monetary theory with emphasis on current theories and controversies in the field.

820 History of Economic Thought (3:3:0). Major figures in the history of economic thought and the tools of analysis they created; emphasis on classical, neoclassical, and Keynesian theories.

821 History of Economic Thought II (3:3:0). Development of economic analysis from the "marginal revolution" of 1877 to present. Emphasis on the development of neoclassical economic theory.

823 Topics in Economic History (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 611 and 615. Economic analysis of various historical epochs, such as the Industrial Revolution, evolution of political reform, rise of unions, growth of government.

825 Political Economy and Public Policy I (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 611 or permission of instructor. Economic process of public policy formulation and implementation. Economic behavior of principals in policy making and execution.

826 Political Economy and Public Policy II (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 611, 615, and 825 or permission of instructor. Specific issues related to political economy of public policy. Topics include privatization, political economy of deficit spending, regulation and deregulation, and the economics of rent seeking.

827 Economic Philosophy (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 611 or permission of instructor. Analysis of the philosophical organization. Interrelations between economics and legal and political institutions. Philosophical presuppositions of a capitalist economy under constitutional democracy. Consideration of alternative presuppositions for noncapitalist economies. Critical evaluation of history of ideas in social and moral philosophy.

828 Constitutional Economics (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 611 or permission of instructor. Analysis of exist ing and proposed elements of the "economic constitution." Emphasis on fiscal, monetary, transfer, and regulatory powers of government and on constitutional limits on such powers, especially in the United States. Also includes analysis of proposed changes in these limits.

829 Economics of Institutions (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 611 or permission of instructor. Analysis of the framework of rules and institutions within which economic activities and transactions are carried out. Emergence and working properties of different institutions. Comparative discussion of classical and contemporary approaches to an economic theory of institutions.

831 Mathematical Economics II (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 630 or permission of instructor. Mathematical treatment of economic theories. Static and dynamic analysis of macromodels. Input-output analysis. Optimization techniques such as Lagrangian multipliers, linear programming, nonlinear programming, and game theory.

838 Econometrics II (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 637 or permission of instructor. Econometric models and simultaneous equation systems. Identification of parameters and least squares bias; alternative estimation methods and block recursive systems.

842 Labor Economics (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 611 and 615 or permission of instructor. ECON 637 is recommended. Formal models of labor demand, supply, utilization, and wage determination. Determination of factor shares in an open economy. Theory of collective bargaining and impact of trade unions on wage rates and resource allocation. Measurement, types, and causes of unemployment. Benefit-cost analysis of labor training and development projects.

844 Industrial Organization and Public Policy I (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 611 or permission of instructor. Structure of American industry and underlying determinants. Analysis of structure and conduct on industrial performance in light of theory and empirical evidence. Rational antitrust policy and analysis of impact on structure and performance.

846 Industrial Organization and Public Policy II (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 611 and 844. Relation between law and economics and theories of social control of property rights. Theories of market structure and industrial performance.

849 Public Finance (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 611 or permission of instructor. Theoretical and institutional analysis of government expenditure, taxation, debt management, and intergovernmental fiscal relations. Allocative and distributional effects of alternative tax and subsidy techniques. Principles of benefit-cost and cost-effectiveness analysis for government decisions.

852 Public Choice I (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 611 or permission of instructor. Application of economic theory and methodology to the study of nonmarket decision making.

854 Public Choice II (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 611 or permission of instructor. The public choice approach is applied to study such topics as the causes and consequences of governmental growth, the behavior of public bureaucracies, and the economic reasoning behind constitutional limitations on the size and growth of government.

856 Urban and Regional Economics (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 611 or permission of instructor. Regional development and metropolitan growth economics including the locational decisions of households and firms, and problems associated with high-density urban economic activity.

861 Economics of the Environment (3:3:0). Analysis of economic models of ecosystems and pollutant discharges into the environment. Methods of improving economic efficiency; review of public policies.

866 Economic Development (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 611 and 615 or permission of instructor. Forces contributing to and retarding economic progress in developing countries. The role of foreign trade, economic integration, foreign investment, multinational corporations, and technological transfers.

869 International Trade and Policy (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 611 or permission of instructor. Classical, neoclassical, and modern theories of international trade. A study of the theory and practice of world trade models such as project LINK. Analysis of foreign investment and economic growth, tariffs and nontariff barriers, and economic integration; recent developments with emphasis on natural resources.

871 International Monetary Economics (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 615 or permission of instructor. Examination of the international adjustment mechanism, price and income effects, controls, and the monetarist approach. Development of the international monetary system, the demand for international reserves, capital movements, and the role of the International Monetary Fund.

880 Austrian Theory of the Market Process I (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 611. Economic theory developed by Menger, Mises, Hayek, and others of the Austrian School and comparison with other currently popular theories.

881 Austrian Theory of Market Process II (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 611 and 615 (ECON 880 is recommended). Continuation of ECON 880. Topics vary and include emphasis on market-process approach to analysis of capital accumulation, growth, money and credit institutions, inflation, unemployment, and industrial fluctuations.

885 Experimental Economics (3:3:0) Prerequisites: ECON 611 or permission of instructor. Designed for graduate students who have a desire to learn how experimental methods can be used to inform economic research and practice. Students are expected to have a working understanding of both basic economic concepts and multivariate calculus.

886 Economic Systems Design (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 885 or permission of instructor. Exposes students to research in applied mechanism design. Topics represent the basic tools required to build, test, and implement mechanisms in an applied setting.

895 Special Topics in Economics (3:3:0). Topics vary according to interests of instructor. Emphasis on new areas of the discipline. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

896 Directed Reading and Research (3:0:0). Independent reading and research paper on a topic agreed on by student and faculty member.

918 Seminar in Monetary Theory and Policy (3:3:0). Prerequisite: ECON 817. Selected topics of current interest are discussed.

950 Seminar in Public Finance (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 611 and 849. Important public finance issues treated in seminar format.

985 Workshop in Experimental Economics (3:3:0). Prerequisites: ECON 885, ECON 886. Designed for graduate students who have taken Experimental Economics and Economic Systems Design and are applying experimental methods to their own or collaborative research projects.

998 Doctoral Dissertation Proposal Research. Research on a prospective dissertation topic. For students who have completed their course work but who have not yet advanced to candidacy. Graded S/NC.

999 Doctoral Dissertation Research (variable credit). Prerequisites: Admission to Ph.D. economics program and permission of dissertation advisor. Research on an approved dissertation topic under the direction of dissertation committee. May be repeated. Twenty-four credits may be applied to the doctoral degree requirement. Graded S/NC.