Public Policy (PUBP)

School of Public Policy

501 Policy and Organizational Analysis (4:3:0). Prepares students to engage in systematic analysis, both qualitative and quantitative, and constitutes the basis for advanced analytical techniques. Emphasis on research design, information acquisition, application of data analysis techniques, and presentation, including writing for professional and lay audiences.

502 Governance and Policy Processes (4:3:0). Assesses governance processes in public and private organizational settings on the basis of economic and political standards such as efficiency, accountability, and responsiveness to societal needs in a rapidly changing global environment. Using cases, simulations, and fieldwork, students learn to evaluate the quality of institutional governance in specific venues and to appraise the implications for public policy.

503 Culture, Organization, and Technology (4:3:0). Focuses on the influence of culture in societal, political, economic, and technological processes, national and internationally. Culture is seen as dynamic and interactional. Using case studies, students learn pertinent approaches to the study of culture, from the analysis of organization and social networks to that of belief systems and identities. Students also develop practical skills in observation, participations, and intervention.

550 Topics in Public Policy (1-3:3:0). Focuses on selected topics in public policy not covered in fixed-content public policy courses.

601 Theory and Practice of Regional Economic Development (3:3:0). Focuses on traditional theories of economic development (economic base, growth pole, infrastructure investment, location theory, central place theory) as well as nontraditional perspectives, emphasizing application of theory to practice through case studies.

602 Regional Economic Development and Technology (3:3:0). Introduces students to the role of technology in economic development policy and practice. Examines the processes of technological development and change in enterprises and collaboration among industry, government, and academic institutions through case studies.

605 State and Local Government Policy and Economic Development (3:3:0). Examination of state and local government policies and processes designed to promote local economic development including: institutional arrangements, financing and tax incentives, non-financial strategies and approaches, land use, environmental and other relevant regulations, and relationships across government and non-governmental organizations.

650 Peace Operations I (3:3:0). The first course of a two-semester sequence on international peace operations. Focuses on the emerging theory of peace operations, including peace making activities of the United Nations and other diplomatic initiatives; peace building activities of international organizations and nongovernmental organizations; and peace support provided by international militaries.

651 Peace Operations II (3:3:0). The second course of a two-semester sequence on international peace operations. Focuses on the application of the emerging theory of peace operations, including peace making activities of the United Nations and other diplomatic initiatives; peace building activities of international organizations and nongovernmental organizations; and peace support provided by international militaries. Several guest lectures from past and present peace operations provide practical information for future staff of peace operations.

700 Theory and Practice in Public Policy (4:4:0). Theories of public policy emphasizing both the historical intellectual development of the discipline and the role that theory and ethics may be expected to play in public policy making. Assumptions made by policy professionals will be examined reflectively against a broad range of philosophical, social, political, and economic imperatives currently impacting the public policy environment.

702 Comparing Political Institutions (4:4:0). Examines political institutions and processes from a comparative and international perspective and the role of the political environment in economic policy decisions, trade and investment. The issues of generalizability, objective knowledge and understanding, the nature of evidence, and how they impact public policy are also examined.

703 Organizational Informatics in Public Policy (4:4:0). Helps policy professionals develop proficiency in technological skills necessary for effective practice by teaching the latest developments in organizational informatics and web-based student-teacher interaction. The course uses information technology to understand real-world policy problems.

704 Statistical Methods in Policy Analysis (4:4:0). A graduate-level introduction to the statistical methods and techniques used in the policy sciences. Topics include descriptive statistics, sampling and probability theory, graphical data display, estimation and significance testing, contingency tables, bivariate regression and correlation, and multiple regression, with an introduction to computer-based statistical analysis.

705 Advanced Statistical Methods in Policy Analysis (3:3:0). Prerequisite: PUBP 704 or equivalent. Classical regression methods and their application to public policy analysis. Simple and multiple regression, analysis of variance, time series, and simultaneous equation structural models. The problems associated with applications include specification error, multicollinearity, qualitative variables, heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, and structural identification. The course allows students to develop analysis skills by discussing sample empirical studies and models using advance statistical computer software.

706 Environmental Decisions: Modeling Rational Judgment (3:3:0). Prerequisite: PUBP 705. Discusses decision aids for environmental or other policy makers to make and defend decisions soundly and economically. Integrates public policy and environmental science with decision analysis; i.e., prescriptive models that quantify the knowledge and values a person or institution does (or should) bring to bear on a decision. Simple aids, based on decision theory, are applied to real consulting cases.

709 Research Design and Writing (3:3:0). Help students revise a draft scholarly paper into a form that would be acceptable in a refereed public policy journal. Focuses on how to find a researchable question, identify appropriate methods, build a bibliography, outline an argument, find supporting evidence, etc.

710 Topics in Public Policy (1-3:3:0). Focuses on selected topics in public policy not covered by fixed-content public policy courses.

711 Rational Choice and Uncertainty: Modeling Judgment (3:3:0). Introduces the basics of decision analysis. Examines quantitative modeling of judgment to aid evaluation of perplexing or controversial options involving conflicting objectives or outcomes. The course also covers assessing uncertainty about events and quantities, directly and indirectly; changing uncertainty in the light of new evidence; gathering information before making a decision; and combating alternative ways of making the same judgment. Topics apply to public policy, personal, legal, medical, and other decisions.

712 Policy Systems Analysis and Management Science (3:3:0). Introduces students to analytical models and analysis that can be applied to support decisions. The primary emphasis is on understanding the techniques of operation research/management science, cost benefits, and cost effectiveness for public decision making. The mathematical details of the algorithms used to solve the models are not emphasized except as they contribute to understanding the reliability and validity of these methodologies. Through case studies and computer solutions, students should gain an appreciation of when, where, and how to use the models. Finally, students demonstrate their understanding of these techniques by applying them to a term research project on a government program.

713 Policy and Program Evaluation (3:3:0). Examines how the programs of public agencies are proposed, established, operated, and evaluated. Covers the role of research in the program evaluation process, including alternative methodologies for policy assessment. Considers demand estimation, the supply and pricing of publicly produced goods and services, and the role of subsidies in nonmarket environments.

714 Topics in Transportation Policy, Operations & Logistics (1-3:3:0). Current issues in transportation policy, operations and logistics in the U.S. and abroad. Practical applications of theories and analysis to policy problems are included. Competence in improving policy in selected domains is emphasized. Note: may be taken up to three times and simultaneously for sections addressing different subject matter.

715 Introduction to Transportation Systems (3:3:0). Transportation is a service that contributes substantially to the well being of advanced economies. The resource requirements and byproducts of transportation also pose sobering environmental challenges for society. This course examines the history and development of transportation systems, their contribution to and impact on society, the institutions and practices that govern their planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and retirement from service, the policy and managerial challenges that they pose, and the tools and techniques available for addressing them.

716 Transportation Operations & Logistics (3:3:0). Provides a survey of freight logistics issues, methods, problems, and strategies. Topics include: origins of logistics, industry structure, pricing, underwriting, rate making, compliance, inventory effects, just-in-time inventory management (JIT), materials requirements planning (MRP), customer service and order processing operations, sales functions and operations, dispatch/fleet manager functions and operations, rate-setting between three parties, typical document flow (electronic and paper), routing and scheduling; route selection, satellite load trackingthrough dispatchcustomer web inquiry, role of ITS in route selection, toll system use, congestion, training activities, logistics markets.

717 Analysis for Transportation Managers (3:3:0). Introduces basic methods of transportation analysis and evaluation and relates these to a policy framework. Methods covered include descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, contingency tables (Chi-Square analysis), regression, optimization, demand elasticities and the gravity model. Sources of transportation data and research design are also covered. While the student will learn the mathematical base and logic of each technique, the application of these methods to relevant policy and management problems will be the primary emphasis of the course. Students will be required to complete a series of assignments along with a research proposal focused on applying one or more of the methods to a problem of their own interest.

718 Transportation Planning and Policy (3:3:0). Introduces highway, rail, air and water transport planning in the United States. Students will learn about the legislative, organizational, fiscal, legal and political environment within which planning for transportation facilities and services takes place. The course will also introduce the student to some of the technical and analytical methods for transportation planning. While the focus of the course is largely on the public sector, some consideration of commercial transport planning and the role of the private sector in helping to design, manage, and finance transport systems is also considered.

719 Transportation Law (3:3:0). Legal issues in transportation policy, operations and logistics are pervasive. Laws are a fundamental part of the general context of business and govern a vast range of issues from labor relations, environmental controls, right of way procurement and eminent domain, liability, rights and responsibilities in international contracts and services. Regulation of price and service was also a long tradition in the U.S. beginning in the 19th century, and abandoned in most respects beginning in the late 1970s. This course examines the legal environmental of transportation. Topics include: basic legal concepts and institutions, history and evolution of price and service regulation, environmental law and regulation, labor relations, and property.

720 Managerial Economics and Policy Analysis (3:3:0). Introduces microeconomics theory and its application in analyzing public policy issues. The course is intended to provide the student with the capability to understand economic literature and theories.

721 Transportation Economics (3:3:0). Provides a basis for understanding the economics of the transport system and how transportation relates to urban and regional development. The course treats transport generically, but includes case studies of specific modes.

722 Practicum in Transportation Policy, Operations, and Logistics (3:3:0). Engages students in an in-depth field study of ongoing transportation policy, operations, or logistics situations, and the design and delivery of actions to manage or resolve problems and opportunities. The range of application areas for these practica depends jointly on the particular interests of the student body and opportunities faculty identify for "clients" or real-world projects. Illustrative domain areas include surface transportation (highways and transit), airports, and aviation.

723 Metropolitan Transportation Policy (3:3:0). Recent changes in federal legislation have led to renewed importance for transportation policy and planning. Considerations of clean air, economic development, congestion management, and changing urban form have greatly increased the importance of well-planned transportation facilities and policies. This course introduces students to basic methods of transportation policy analysis and evaluation. Some specific topics include data collection, simplified demand estimation techniques, transportation choice modeling, transportation supply analysis, and ex-ante and ex-post evaluation methods.

724 Intelligent Transportation Systems & Technology (3:3:0). Provides an overview of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), which include a wide range of information technology applications to surface transportation. Categories of ITS include traffic management systems, traveler information systems, fleet control systems, commercial vehicle regulation systems, transit systems, rural systems, and vehicle control systems. Key institutional and policy issues involve the appropriate federal role in ITS; state and local government collaboration; public-private partnerships; how privacy interests can be protected as ITS surveillance and enforcement technologies become increasingly sophisticated; and how driver information systems, including cell phones, can be used to optimal advantage without burdening drivers with "information overload."

725 International Transportation Logistics (3:3:0). The increasing internationalization and globalization of markets is producing new challenges for transportation services. The challenges are not only in terms of offering efficient and effective freight transportation options, but also in terms of the international movement of people both as part of international trade and as part of direct consumer services such as tourism. Technology shifts have created new supply conditions to meet the new demands of international commerce that transcend transportation to embrace communications. The changes are also embedded in new institutional structures, including liberalized regulatory regimes and the emergence of international bodies such as the WTO that are beginning to influence the trade in transportation services themselves. This course is concerned with making an efficient match between these new demands on transportation and the ways they can be met. Topics covered embody a multidisciplinary approach to international transportation logistics drawing on economics, law, information technology, and network analysis. Subjects covered include international supply-chain management, global performance indicators, international inter-modal transportation, air-freight logistics, new technologies, and border-crossing issues.

726 Telecommunications Policy (3:3:0). This course examines salient issues associated with Telecommunications and Electronic Commerce in the context of public policy questions facing decision makersin government, education and business. Examples: privacy, electronic signatures, digital divide, bandwidth auctions, IP telephony, CRM, Bluetooth, Internet taxation, etc.

727 Transportation Evaluation (3:3:0). Transportation impinges on many aspects of life, some economic, some social and some political. The provision and operation of transportation services, therefore, involves a wide-range of trade-offs. The aim of this course is to look at the range of evaluation techniques and concepts that are applied in making decisions over such matters as transportation investments, transportation operating strategies and public policy as it affects transportation. The course will involve considering both the theory and concepts involved, together with more detailed assessments of standard evaluation methods used in the US and elsewhere. A number of case studies will be reviewed in depth.

728 Fleet Operations (3:3:0). Provides an overview of the most important factors affecting fleet operations today. Topics include: goals for government fleet operations, goals for privately owned fleets (truck, rail, air, water modes), pro-forma cost analysis, fleet operations including route and vehicle and operator selection, asset-based versus non-asset based fleets, fleet design and make-up based on multiple objectives, scheduled maintenance requirements and trade-offs, shared capacity issues (trailers, containers, consolidators), reverse logistics policies, costs, operations, environmental constraints on fleets (fuels, waste, emissions), fuel logistics (purchasing, location, cost), fleet decision-making (en-route changes, delays, and environmental challenges), competitive and market challenges and opportunities in fleet management.

729 Transportation Asset Management (3:3:0). Introduces the main elements of Transportation Asset Management, a subject that has attracted significant attention, both in the U.S. and internationally over the past decade. It is a response to a number of developments that have challenged the traditional framework for transportation service delivery, including changes in the transportation environment; a shift in the public's attitude towards the provision of public goods; and extraordinary advances in communication and computer technologies. The adoption of transportation asset management poses significant challenges on both the organizational structure and the existing knowledge-base within transportation agencies. This course provides an overview of these challenges and introduces theoretical frameworks within which the challenges may be analyzed.

730 National Policy Systems and Theory (1-4:3:0). Provides an inquiry into the policy-making environment, organized around the U.S. federal system. The seminar examines the nation's policy systems and its key components: the actors, institutions of governance, outside groups, and other influential interests. Special emphasis is placed on the dynamic character of policy making. In addition, different policy theories are discussed in the context of current political realities.

731 Macroeconomic Policy Assessment (3:3:0). Covers monetary theory, theories of consumption and saving, budget deficits, economic growth, international finance, and monetary and fiscal policy. Investigates national income and product accounts, savings, employment, and investment, as well as alternatives to Keynesian principles. Evaluates theories of inflation, investment, capital accumulation, and non-proportional growth.

734 Administrative Law and Public Policy (3:3:0). This course covers administrative discretion, rule making and agency proceedings, public participation, political accountability, regulatory processes, oversight, formal adjudication and informal action, lobbying agency administrators and the political and legal nature of the administrative process.

735 Lobbying and Interest Representation (3:3:0). To work effectively within a democratic political environment, the policy analyst must understand contemporary methods used by interested parties to influence policy. Course focuses on the roles and techniques of organized influence and its impact on policy.

736 The Global Information Economy and the Digital Divide (3:3:0). Discusses many of the institutional, social and policy issues involved in the development of a global information economy and society. Economic development needs, public institutional capacity, non-governmental networks will be examined critically, and the course will deal with the implications of universal access to the Internet and equality of use in areas such as online delivery of government services, privacy, online voting, e-government, and others. The course will also focus on efforts to ameliorate the digital divide sponsored by major multilateral agencies like the World Bank and the United Nations. Development of public policies for democratic governance in a complex networked world will be emphasized.

737 Cases and Concepts in E-Government (3:3:0). Electronic government has become a significant public policy issue worldwide. It offers the prospect of dramatic improvements in the delivery of government services, but also portends major debate about government intrusion. This course covers the emerging public policy issues associated with electronic government: job displacement in the public sector, privacy, procurement and supply chain management, voter profiling, scope of government services, challenges to "digital democracy," Internet-based voting, land management, the "digital divide," and others.

738 Information, Technology, and Institutional Change (3:3:0). Examines role and character of information in institutions as foundation to understanding role of IT in economy, society and politics. Considers theories of and practice of information in institutions, organizations and markets, and assesses effects of information technology changes on key economic, social and political institutions, such as firms, markets, communities, non-profit organizations and government.

741 U.S. Financial Policy Processes and Procedures (3:3:0). Examines the design and operation of expenditure and revenue systems at all three levels of government in the U.S. (federal, state and local). Mobilizing and allocating resources through the planning, adoption, and execution of the budget is stressed. In addition to the theory and policy objectives of tax and spending regimes, the course includes review of financial controls, performance measurement, cash and debt management, and accounting and financial reporting systems.

742 Transportation Safety and Security (3:3:0). Transportation safety has long been a paramount consideration in the design, construction, operation and regulation of transportation systems. In recent years, the security of transportation systems has become increasingly important, in light of breaches such as aircraft hijackings and truck bombs. This course examines transportation safety and security from a multimodal perspective for both passenger and freight. Topics include: historical context and policy framework, regulation, institutional issues, new security arrangements for preventing organized terrorist attacks, infrastructure design, vehicle design, operating protocols, and information systems.

743 National Security Management and Policy (3:3:0). Examines hierarchies in national security from the president to the military establishment, including the National Security Council, the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the CINCs (Commander-in-Chiefs of the Unified and Specified Commands), and the intelligence agencies. Covers policies involving national defense, peacekeeping operations, embargoes and other sanctions, defense conversion, and military acquisition policy. Also covers significant legislation affecting national security, such as the National Security Act of 1947 and the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986.

744 Federal Institutions and Management (3:3:0). Covers management and policy in the federal government. This course examines policy problems within the context of the national system of governance, including the political environment, the evolution and constitutional framework of American government, the U.S. Congress, the executive branch from the White House to the agencies, and the role of interest groups and political parties. Special attention is given to the implementation of legislation, the regulatory process, and intergovernmental relations.

745 Transportation and the Environment (3:3:0). This course, which is multi-disciplinary in orientation, examines the implications of transportation and looks at ways in which public policy has attempted to handle these implications and at ways in which policy may move in the future. It looks at all modes of transportation and at most of their environmental ramifications.

746 Maritime Transportation Policy, Operations and Logistics (3:3:0). Examines how the international maritime transportation system has evolved, and discusses its current challenges and options for future developments. Maritime shipping is an ancient enterprise that has dominated transportation since long before industrialization led to the development of steam propulsion, railroads, motor trucks, and airplanes. Topics include globalization, e-commerce, just-in-time manufacturing, quick response capabilities, integrated logistic systems, and the relevance of maritime transportation, especially in light of emerging technological advances.

747 Air Transportation Policy, Operations and Logistics (3:3:0). Aviation is a form of transportation with global reach. This course reviews the evolution of various forms of air transport (i.e., airlines, general aviation, and military aviation), and includes the following topics: the basics of airline economics, especially as they intersect with airline operations and the management of hub and spoke networks; air traffic control technologies and operations and their intersection with airline economics; safety and security technologies and regulations; the future of the various elements of air transportation; and the effects of deregulation on air travel.

748 Public Transportation Policy, Operations and Logistics (3:3:0). Public transportation plays an important role in providing mobility in both urban and rural areas. This course provides a general system description for the components comprising the typical publicly funded transit property. Topics include organizational structure, historical context, budget development including operating and capital budgets, personnel and labor relations, regulatory framework, operations management (bus and commuter rail), the reporting structure (e.g., appointed boards), customer service, and contracted operations. The course also discusses current topics of interest, such as security of transit systems and transit's role in the pursuit of air quality.

749 Highway Transportation Policy, Operations and Logistics (3:3:0). Highways have played a central role in the development of the American transportation system. In particular, the Interstate highway system has revolutionized both freight and passenger transport. This course examines the history and development of the highway system, the institutions responsible for its development and ongoing operation, its environmental impacts and efforts to mitigate them, the emerging emphasis on operations and management of the highway system, and its role in the freight logistics and supply chain management system.

750 History of Military Operations Other than War (3:3:0). Focuses on the history of military activity in support of noncombat missions. Uses historical examples of the early days of the United States and colonial histories of Western and Eastern powers. This course also touches on the use of military force in support of multinational peace operations.

751 International Police Operations (3:3:0). Analyzes the role of international police monitors and domestic police forces in international peace operations. Focuses on how using international police monitors and developing indigenous law enforcement capabilities can improve the prospects for success of international peace operations. Examines the origins, mandates, planning, and deployment of international civilian police forces, the problems of coordinating these international police operations with international military forces and local security forces, the international role in developing democratically oriented police forces, the relationship of police to the entire judicial system, and the need to continue assistance to all parts of the judicial system beyond the initial intervention.

753 Ethics in Public Policy (3:3:0). Provides an inquiry into the ethical and moral issues in public policy. Explores issues that are controversial and often confusing to public policy makers such as health care, secrecy in government, surrogate motherhood, and disability. Perspectives are national, as well as global, and deal with the impact of culture and politics on ethical dilemmas confronting society. The course also looks at the processes by which specific ethical systems are incorporated into governing bodies. Larger issues, such as war and peace, "just" and "unjust" wars, capital punishment, medical and legal ethics, and communitarian vs. individual liberties are also included, with an emphasis on how they affect public policy.

755 National Security Decision-Making Policy (3:3:0). Applies behavioral, economic, strategic, and other decision theories to U.S. government and other actors in historical national security crisis cases and in current policy issues. We seek to explore the tension in decisions between rational goal seeking by actors vs. organizational process, and to develop usable decision tools.

756 Geostrategic Assessment Policy (3:3:0). A geopolitical assessment of global threats to international order and security. The first half of the course focuses on geopolitical theories, elements of military power, and global social, demographic and political trends. The second half analyzes region-by-region political, military, economic, and social trends.

760 Science and Technology Policy in the 21st Century (3:3:0). This course investigates the roles dynamic scientific research and technological innovation play in contemporary society. It focuses specifically on the design and analysis of alternative public policies intended to influence the rate and direction of technological change in societies, and on the use of scientific and technical knowledge in public policy making more generally. The course uses historical and international comparative approaches to assess the politics and pragmatics of science and technology policy. Included in the course is material from the fields of policy evaluation and analysis, as well as from organization theory, the economics of innovation, and the sociology of science and technology. Applications focus on areas of concern to the "new economy," such as biotechnology, networked tele communications and computing, and the globalization of technology-based production.

761 Social Capital and Public Policy (3:3:0). This course looks at the literature on social capital, including many classic works like Tocqueville's Democracy in America that, in effect, made use of the concept long before sociologist James Coleman brought it into wider use in the 1980s. One of the objectives of the seminar is to address questions such as the following: Is the concept merely a passing intellectual fad, or is social capital in fact a useful concept for understanding political and economic behavior? Are there measures of social capital, and if so, what are they? Can the concept be plugged into economic models? Can social capital be introduced to improve our ability to fashion or improve specific social policies in the areas of crime, education, family, social welfare, and the like?

762 Social Institutions and Public Policy (3:3:0). The limited government involvement in social policies changed drastically during the 1960s, with an explosion of social programs designed to ameliorate poverty, reduce crime, eliminate racial segregation, and to generally lessen the adverse consequences of these conditions. These new social policies affect many institutions, including the family, schools and colleges, the criminal justice system, and government agencies themselves. Many of these policies have been controversial, with debates over their efficacy and whether they have cured or exacerbated the social problems they were designed to alleviate. This course examines the evolution and status of selected American social policies, including civil right policies, education reform, family policy, crime prevention, and other topics that can be chosen by students. Readings and discussions on policy issues are linked to readings and discussions on social theories and value systems that underpin these social policies.

768 Education and Public Policy (3:3:0). Explores current issues and policy initiatives in education policy at federal, state, and local levels, with emphasis on education reform. Issues and topics will vary somewhat from year to year to maintain currency. Typical policy issues to be addressed include raising academic standards, high-stakes testing, alternative governance including school choice and voucher policies, teacher quality and certification, the role of school resources in academic outputs, and equity topics.

770 Topics in Regional and Urban Development Policy (1-3:3:0). A seminar exploring the concept of leadership and institutional development in regional economic development. The first part involves presentations by faculty members on conceptual, theoretical, and methodological traditions regarding leadership and institutional development. The last part focuses specifically on the issue of leadership in the context of regional economic development.

771/SYST 691/EEP 601 Introduction to Enterprise Engineering and Policy (3:3:0). Provides an overview of Extended Enterprise Integration. Lectures focus on the SAP architecture and the R/3 standard software solution. Laboratory requires students to complete an end-to-end implementation project with the Great Plains Software midrange ERP solution, Dynamics C/S +. For modeling, students must demonstrate complete proficiency in the Architecture of Information Systems (ARIS) methodology, and the supporting ARIS Toolset.

772/SYST 692/EEP 602 Decision Support for Enterprise Integration (3:3:0). Prerequisite: SYST 542 and SYST 691 or equivalent. Lectures focus on the use of "Business Intelligence" to enhance competitive advantage, development of an information driven set of controls to improve profitability, and emphasis on the creation of a balanced business with aligned corporate direction and strategic intent. Solutions provided within ERP systems are examined.

773/SYST 693/EEP 603 Supply Chain Integration and Management (3:3:0). Prerequisite: SYST 691 or equivalent. Lectures focus on two issues: supply chain integration from an information technology perspective, and supply chain management from a decision support perspective. The motivation for the course is the merging of enterprise computing with operations research, primarily through customer/supply chain management systems. Topics include ERP/Web integration, advanced planning, and customer relationship management.

774/SYST 694/EEP 604 E-Commerce Architectures (3:3:0). Prerequisite: SYST 691 or equivalent. Introduces network and system architectures that support high volume business to consumer web sites and portals. Provides insight into the structure of the modern web enabled storefront. Critical business and technology issues include Storage Area Networks (SANs), server clustering, load balancing techniques at the server and network level, fault tolerance, and recovery of database and application servers.

775/SYST 695/EEP 605 Economics of Electronic Commerce (3:3:0). Prerequisite: SYST 691 or equivalent. Focuses on gaining competitive advantage through Electronic Commerce implementation; the identification and growing of new market opportunities, as well as the electronic enabling of existing business relationships; business-to-consumer relationships, as well as the economics of strategic procurement, ERP hosting, customer relationship management, catalog hosting, portal operations, and supplier management.

776/SYST 696/EEP 606 Customer Relationship Management (3:3:0). Prerequisite: SYST 691 or equivalent. Focuses on the "front office" and its integration with the "back office." The modern world of e-Commerce extends intra-enterprise integration [as implemented in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems] to include external constituents such as customers, partners, and suppliers. Course is focused on modern system support for the Demand Chain and the value creation process that results from integrating the front office systems (e.g., CRM) with the back office systems (ERP).

777/SYST 697/ EEP 607 Critical Information Technology Infrastructures (3:3:0). Prerequisite: SYST 694 or equivalent. Design and implementation of high-speed network and application services in support of modern Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Critical technologies include high-speed data communication, switched vs. routed data flow, workflow engines, business rule and web application servers, and load balancing technologies. A large-scale web enabled ERP system architecture will be examined in detail.

780 Evolution of the Washington Metropolitan Economy (3:3:0). Explores the evolution and future of the Washington metropolitan area economy, its historical context, the role of federal spending, tourism, the technology sector, international business, regional organizations, local gov ernment policies, and forecasts. The course evaluates the development patterns in the District of Columbia, Northern Virginia, and suburban Maryland.

782 International Financial Policy (3:3:0). Addresses the theory of international finance, its application to financial policy such as exchange rate regimes, and the institutions of international finance. It covers the operations of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the development of the European Monetary Union, and the debate over "international financial architecture."

783 Global Governance (3:3:0). This course is a survey of important issues in global governance given changes in the contemporary world. It explores the dynamics and complexity of formal and informal actors, institutional arrangements, organizations, and the roles they play in the process of governance in the international sphere. Considers states, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, international regimes, social movements, regional associations, and multinational corporations as actors bearing on transnational authority. Various vehicles for international coordination and conflict are examined in terms of relevance and opportunities for global governance.

785 Urban Development Economics (3:3:0). Examines the changing structure and functions of the urban economy and develops the skills and knowledge for evaluating and remedying conditions inhibiting local economic development. The course includes case studies of redevelopment strategies, programs, and outcomes for inner-city neighborhoods, central and suburban business districts, waterfronts, and surplus military bases.

794 Internship (1-6:0:0). Prerequisite: 12 PUBP credits or permission of instructor. Open only to students in a SPP degree program that requires an internship. Contact appropriate program director one semester before enrollment. Work-study programs with specific employers. Credit is determined by the appropriate degree program.

795 Final Project (1-3:0:0). Involves the writing of a capstone paper related to the student's program concentration, under the guidance of a three-person committee.

796 Directed Readings and Research (1-3:3:0). Independent reading and research at the masters or doctoral level on a specific topic related to public policy as agreed to by a student and a faculty member.

799 Master's Thesis (1-6:0:0). Prerequisites: Degree candidacy in a Public Policy Master's program, completion of the required credits of graduate course work, and approval of a thesis proposal by the faculty advisor, two committee members, and the program director. Individualized Section form required. Original research endeavor related to the student's program concentration. Research must result in a document meeting Public Policy and university standards. Graded S/NC.

800 Culture and Policy (2:2:0 to 4:3:1). Provides a comparative overview of institutions and culture, focusing on the ways that the United States is exceptional when compared with other mature industrial societies. It presents culture and social structure as explanatory variables in accounting for these differences. It is also intended to give an overview of the analytical methods used in comparative public policy research, and to provide background on the political environment in which international trade and investment decisions are made.

801 Macro Policy (2:2:0 to 4:3:1). Demonstrates how macroeconomic, technological, demographic, and social forces affect the supply and demand for governmental services. Counterpart analysis of the impact of shifts in the patterns of international trade, the demographic composition of the population, and trends in the social structure are also examined. The course is intended to build an awareness of the need to factor alternative assumptions about the macro environment into policy planning; to show how macro events can affect both social welfare and policy performance indicators; and to suggest how national income accounting analysis and simple macroeconomic models can help to pinpoint impending trouble spots for public policy.

802 The Logic of Policy Inquiry (1-4:3:0). Prerequisite: Enrollment in doctoral program in public policy. Defines policy research problems, questions, and hypotheses. Explores modes of policy research, analysis, and rhetoric, including interdisciplinary research strategies. The course uses information sources to emphasize written communication of policy research results. The course also discusses professional practice issues.

804 Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Public Policy (4:3:0). Prerequisite: PUBP 704 or equivalent. Explores the multivariate techniques of contingency table analysis, reliability and validity assessment, factor analysis and scaling, multivariate regression and path analysis, the analysis of variance and covariance, and other selected multivariate techniques. Emphasis is on applying these techniques to real policy data using sophisticated statistical packages.

805 Public Policy Systems and Theory (4:3:0). Prerequisite: PUBP 730 or equivalent. An inquiry on an advanced level into the national and international policy-making environment with special emphasis on the dynamic character of the political arena. The seminar examines policy systems and their key components: the major actors, institutions of governance, and the influence of outside groups, political parties, and special interests.

806 Advanced Management Science for Public Organizations (4:3:0). Prerequisite: PUBP 712 or equivalent. The primary emphasis is to understand the techniques of operations research/management science, cost benefits, and cost effectiveness for public policy decision-making. Some familiarity with elementary calculus and linear algebra will help the students understand the mathematical basis of algorithms used to solve models and to help understand the reliability and validity of these techniques. Case studies and computer solutions are used to help the student understand when and how to use OR models.

807 Advanced Qualitative Research: Theory and Methods (4:3:0). Prerequisite: SOCI 530, SOCI 634, or equivalent. A course in advanced qualitative social research to prepare students who intend to use qualitative methods in their public policy Ph.D. dissertations. Methods covered include ethnography, the theory and practice of survey research, case study, and discourse analysis.

808 Advanced Economic Analysis for Policy Research (4:3:0). Prerequisite: PUBP 720 or equivalent. Aims to build analytical skills in the use of economic analysis for policy modeling. Designed for graduate students in public policy with competence in elementary calculus and matrix algebra. Reviews basic mathematical techniques and then covers basic consumer theory, demand estimation and forecasting, production theory, technological change and pro ductivity analysis, market structure and competition, capital budgeting, and the role of the public sector.

810 Theory and Methods in Regional Policy I (2:2:0 to 4:3:1). Introduces and critiques the theory and methods used in regional policy analysis. Students learn about central place theory, growth pole theory, and economic base theory, as well as other theoretical constructs used in regional policy analysis. Further, methodological tools such as regional econometric modeling, multiobjective programming, shift-share analysis, economic base analysis, location quotient analysis, and input-output analysis are also introduced and examined. Finally, selected current regional public issues are examined using the theoretical and methodological constructs introduced in the first part of this course.

811 Theory and Methods in Regional Policy II (2:2:0 to 4:3:1). The second of two semesters of required concentration seminar sequence in regional development policy. Only students who have participated in the first semester of this sequence (i.e., PUBP 810) are admitted. In this seminar, students develop research papers that investigate some element or aspect of regional policy, with the goal of producing publishable papers. The students develop the focus of their papers based on work carried out in the first semester, and are expected to prepare a two-page proposal, followed by a detailed proposal and finally, the completed paper. Each of these are critiqued in the seminar, which is organized to conform to this process of review and critique. The instructor works with each of the students individually, as well as in the seminar sessions.

817 Policy Research Topics: Transportation Policy (2:2:0 to 4:3:1). This research workshop examines the development of policy research and relevant methodologies linked directly to faculty and student interests. Students identify cutting-edge policy concerns and execute a research program. The four-credit version of this course requires a discussion section and a research laboratory.

820 Technology, Science, and Public Policy I (2:2:0 to 4:3:1). The first of a two-semester core seminar sequence required for Ph.D. public policy students in the science and technology policy concentration. Covers literature relevant to science and technology policy. This core sequence begins with the postulate that technology has become a major casual force in the contemporary world. This seminar looks at the key formulations of the relationship of science, technology, and public policy.

821 Technology, Science, and Public Policy II (2:2:0 to 4:3:1). The second of a two-semester core seminar sequence in the science and technology policy concentration. Students develop research papers that investigate some element or aspect of science and technology policy. The course helps students identify and develop topics with the goal of producing publishable papers.

833 Topics in Public Policy (1-4:3:0). Focuses on selected topics in public policy not covered in fixed-content public policy courses.

840 Research Seminar in Policy Governance I (2:2:0 to 4:3:1). The first of a two-semester sequence (PUBP 840, 841) in the governance and public management policy concentration. Surveys the major institutions that formulate and implement public policy in the United States. The seminar examines linkages between the translation of public preferences into public policy and decisions about the so cietal and economic functions that are most appropriately carried out by governments and those that are best accomplished by private institutions and individuals. The four-credit course requires a discussion seminar and research laboratory.

841 Research Seminar in Policy Governance II (2:2:0 to 4:3:1). The second of a two-semester sequence (PUBP 840, 841) in the governance and public management policy concentration. Studies the division of responsibilities among the several levels of government and between the public and private sectors. The seminar focuses on the impact of these divisions on the development of public policy in several policy areas, such as urban governance, environmental policy, and health care.

850 Seminar in Public Policy (1:1:0). A weekly colloquium series, required of public policy Ph.D. students. Features a variety of speakers from universities, government, and nonprofit sectors. Topics include policy formulation and analysis, as well as theoretical and methodological foundation.

860 Social Theory and Public Policy (2:2:0 to 4:3:1). Introduces social theory and how it affects public policy. Major theoretical frameworks in the social sciences are analyzed in relation to the role they can play in the formulation of public policies in such selected areas as poverty and inequality, the family, education, crime and drugs, and race and ethnicity.

861 Research Seminar in Culture and Policy (2:2:0 to 4:3:1). Emphasizes the integration of theory and method into empirical research projects. Among the issues covered are the linkage between theoretical constructs and empirical literature, the derivation of research questions from an existing body of literature, and the selection of methods appropriate to answer those questions. The seminar requires both the development of concrete proposals for empirical research and the criticism of such proposals.

870 Organizational and Policy Aspects of Informatics (1-4:3:0). Examines the effects of informatics on national and international policy; setting international policy on informatics; ethical and social change in governments and organizations; shaping national policy in informatics; industry growth; and research methods from various scientific disciplines.

871 Organizational Processes and Technology (1-4:3:0). Prerequisite: PUBP 870. Introduces the modern vertically- and horizontally-integrated organization. Focuses on the modern managerial policy aspects of creating, integrating, and managing modern information technology-enabled public and private sector organizations.

880 Global and International Public Policy (4:3:0). Explores the multiple dimensions of globalization and internationalization relative to public policy processes and consequences. Its aim is to offer substantive insight into contemporary public policy dynamics from a global and comparative perspective. Accordingly, it examines a broad range of international cultural, political, technological, and economic policy issues, and their interactions and implications at all levels of analysis. Engages relevant theoretical and methodological approaches and debates in order to provide students with tools for analyzing various world problems and policies.

881 International Trade Policy (4:3:0). Addresses international trade theory, trade policy analysis, regional economic integration, and the institutional arrangements governing world trade. It covers the World Trade Organization (including its constituent agreements in the areas of goods, services, intellectual property and trade-related investment measures), regional trade agreements such as NAFTA, dispute settlement regimes, and the relations between trade and the environment.

997 Field Statement (1:1:0). Requires work on field statement in preparation for Field Exam. Must register in the semester during which field exam will be taken. Requires permission of field committee chair. May not be repeated. Does not apply to credit hour degree requirements.

998 Research/Proposal for Dissertation (1-9:0:0). Requires work on a research proposal that forms the basis for a doctoral dissertation. May be repeated, although no more than 24 credits of PUBP 998 and 999 may be applied to doctoral degree requirements.

999 Dissertation (1-9:0:0). Requires research on an approved dissertation topic under the director on dissertation committee. May be repeated, although no more than 24 credits of PUBP 998 and 999 may be applied to doctoral degree requirements.