Philosophy and Religious Studies
Phone: 703-993-1290
Web: gmu.edu/departments/philosophy
Faculty
- Professor: Bergoffen
- Associate professors: Burns, Cherubin, De Nys, Fletcher, Froman, Holman, Kaufmann (chair), Kinnaman, Nguyen, Paden, Ro, Rothbart, S.M. Skousgaard
- Assistant professors: Dakake, Shiner
- Adjuncts: Catlett, Caudill, Glazer, Giuliani, D. Gregory, Hebbar, Oberoi, Romanovskaya, S.A. Skousgaard, Sojka
Course Work
This department offers all course work designated LS, PHIL, and RELI in the Course Descriptions chapter of this catalog.
Undergraduate Programs
Philosophy, BA
The degree program in philosophy covers the major issues and areas in philosophy, and serves the needs of students with various interests and career goals. Major emphases are available for students who wish to pursue graduate studies in philosophy, or to emphasize philosophy while acquiring a broad liberal arts education. Students can use this major as preparation for professions such as law or government service, or complement other interests by taking a double major in philosophy and a related field of study.
In addition to the university-wide general education requirements and the requirements for a BA degree in CAS, philosophy majors must complete at least 33 credits in philosophy earning a minimum grade of 2.00 in each course. At least 21 credits must be at the 300 level or above, including at least 6 credits at the 400 level or above. The credits must be distributed among area requirements as indicated below. No course may be used to fulfill more than one such requirement.
- Logic (at least 3 credits): PHIL 173 or 376
History of philosophy (at least 12 credits)
- Required: PHIL 301, 303, and 332
- Either PHIL 336 or 337
Theories of value (at least 3 credits):
- PHIL 311 Philosophy of Law
- PHIL 323 Classical Western Political Theory
- PHIL 324 Modern Western Political Theory
- PHIL 325 Karl Marx's Social and Political Thought
- PHIL 326 Liberty, Equality, and Community
- PHIL 327 Contemporary Western Political Theory
- PHIL 338 Woman: The Philosophical Questions
- PHIL 355 Contemporary Ethical Theory
- PHIL 356 Philosophy of Art
- PHIL 470 Seminar: Philosophical Examination of Social Issues and the Law
- When the subject matter is appropriate, and at the discretion of the undergraduate coordinator, PHIL 391, 392, 421, 425, or 426 may be used to fulfil the theories of value requirement.
Reality, knowledge, and science (at least 3 credits)
- PHIL 312 Philosophy of Technology
- PHIL 337 Twentieth-Century Continental Thought: Phenomenology
- PHIL 340 Hermeneutic Philosophy
- PHIL 357 Philosophy of the Social Sciences
- PHIL 371 Philosophy of Natural Sciences
- PHIL 373 Theory of Knowledge
- PHIL 374 Philosophy of Mind
- PHIL 375 Metaphysics
- PHIL 377 Darwin: Biology and Beyond
- PHIL 378 Reason, Science, and Faith in the Modern Age
- PHIL 520 Current Issues in Philosophy of Science
- PHIL 531 Freud and Philosophy
- PHIL 560 Philosophical Foundations of Science
- PHIL 573 Current Issues in Theory of Knowledge
- PHIL 574 Philosophical Issues in Cognitive Science
- When the subject matter is appropriate, and at the discretion of the undergraduate coordinator, PHIL 391, 392, 421, 425, or 426 may be used to fulfill the reality, knowledge, and science requirement.
- Philosophy electives
The following philosophy courses fulfill the general education syntheses requirement: PHIL 309, 377 and 378.
Writing-Intensive Requirement
Mason requires all students to complete at least one course designated "writing intensive" in their majors at the 300 level or above. Philosophy majors should consult the undergraduate coordinator for the courses that can be taken to fulfill this requirement.
Minor in Philosophy
The minor is organized according to specific emphases, each one stressing a different aspect of philosophy. The emphasis in the history of philosophy is particularly useful to students in the humanities, especially those who wish to pursue graduate study. Students majoring in the human and natural sciences would benefit from the emphasis in reality, knowledge, and science; while those who hope to pursue a career in law or politics would be well-advised to complete the emphasis in social and political philosophy.
Students must complete 18 credits in philosophy with a minimum grade of 2.00 in each course. No course may be use to fulfill more than one requirement. The credits must be distributed as follows:
- Logic: 3 credits chosen from PHIL 173, 180, or 376
- History of philosophy: 6 credits: PHIL 301 and 303
- Electives in philosophy: 9 credits of which at least 6 must be at the 300-level or above.
Emphasis in history of philosophy
This emphasis requires at least 3 additional credits in the history of philosophy, plus 6 credits of electives. At least 3 credits in history of philosophy should be taken from PHIL 302, 325, 332, 335, 336, or 337.
Emphasis in reality, knowledge, and science
This emphasis requires at least 6 credits from courses in reality, knowledge, and science; plus 3 credits of electives (see list of courses under the major).
Emphasis in social and political philosophy
This emphasis requires at least 9 credits chosen from PHIL 311, 312, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 338, or 470.
When the subject matter is appropriate, and at the discretion of the undergraduate coordinator, PHIL 391, 392, 421, 425, or 426 may be used to fulfill the emphasis requirements.
Religious Studies, BA
The major in religious studies is intended to bring the student to an understanding of the major traditions of world religions. Areas of study include Asian religious traditions, Near (middle) Eastern religious traditions including Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, and comparative aspects of religion. Students develop skills in reading and interpreting sacred texts. They explore the cultural and social dimensions of religion, along with a consideration of religious values and ethics, from comparative and crosscultural perspectives with relation to global issues.
The courses are writing intensive and allow the student to study and analyze religious ideas and symbols, and encourage students to present well-argued papers.
In addition to the university-wide general education requirements and the requirements for a BA in CAS, religious studies majors must complete at least 33 credits in religious studies earning a minimum grade of C- (1.67) in each. No course may be used to fulfill more than one requirement. The credits must be distributed as follows:
6 credits of introduction to the main world religions
- RELI 211 Religions of the Near (Middle) East
- RELI 212 Religions of the Orient
3 credits in a writing-intensive seminar taken during the senior year (RELI 420 Seminar).
6 credits in courses emphasizing either comparative or methodological aspects of the study of religion, such as:
- ANTH 313 Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
- PHIL 313 Philosophy of Religion
- RELI 337 Mysticism: East and West
- RELI 341 Global Perspectives on Spirituality and Healing
- RELI 490 Comparative Study of Religions
- SOCI 385 Sociology of Religion
When the subject matter is appropriate, at the discretion of the student's advisor, RELI 376 may be used to fulfill the comparative or methodological requirement.
- A minimum of 12 credits in 300- or 400-level RELI courses not used to fulfill requirements 2 or 3.
- 6 elective credits in religious studies or related disciplines (including anthropology, art history, and history) to be chosen in consultation with the student's advisor.
Up to 6 credits of a scriptural language (e.g., Arabic, Biblical Hebrew, Chinese, Classical Greek, Latin, Sanskrit) may be used to fulfill requirements 4 or 5.
Writing-Intensive Requirement
Mason requires all students to complete at least one course designated "writing intensive" in their majors at the 300 level or above. Religious studies majors may fulfill this requirement by successfully completing one of the courses under the second requirement above.
Minor in Religious Studies
The minor in religious studies introduces students to the world's religious traditions. Within the minor, students may pursue religious traditions of Asia or the Near (middle) East or comparative aspects of religion. The minor consists of 18 credits, at least 9 of which must be in 300- and 400-level courses. 3 credits must be taken from RELI 100 The Human Religious Experience, RELI 211 Religions of the Near (Middle) East, or RELI 212 Religions of the Orient. Students must earn a minimum grade of C- (1.67) in each course and have a minimum GPA of 2.000 in courses applied to the minor.
Graduate Program
The department offers a comprehensive master's degree in traditional and contemporary philosophy. The degree is designed for students who intend to go on to a doctorate in philosophy, as well as those who seek the master's as a terminal degree to further their professional expertise. Students may pursue interests in the history of philosophy, ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, contemporary continental thought, contemporary analytic philosophy, and philosophy of science. The department offers a concentration in professional ethics for those master's students interested in combining the study of ethics in a variety of career settings; a graduate certificate in professional ethics is also offered.
Philosophy, MA
Admission Requirements
In addition to fulfilling the university admission requirements for graduate study, applicants must submit three letters of recommendation. GRE exams are recommended, especially for those students planning to pursue a PhD in philosophy.
Degree Requirements
Students must successfully complete 30 credits distributed as follows. As part of their course work, students may elect to do a thesis or project. Students must find an advisor on entering the program, and meet regularly with that advisor during their course of study. With the agreement of their advisor, students establish a contract defining their program of study. With an advisor's approval, students may apply up to 9 credits from other departments toward the degree.
- 3 credits in ancient or medieval philosophy (PHIL 602, 604, or 681, or 691 where appropriate)
- 3 credits in modern philosophy (PHIL 605, 608, or 681, or 691 where appropriate)
- 3 credits in contemporary philosophy (PHIL 615, 616, 618, or 681, or 691 where appropriate)
- 3 credits in an advanced seminar (PHIL 720 or 733)
- 18 credits of electives that may include 3 to 6 credits of thesis
Students who wish to receive the concentration in professional ethics must complete the following:
- 6 credits in the history of philosophy, including the history of ethical theory, PHIL 640 (PHIL 691 may be taken to fulfill this requirement only with the written permission of the graduate coordinator).
- 3 credits in professional ethics, PHIL 641.
- 6 credits in applied ethics chosen from biomedical ethics, PHIL 642; environmental ethics, PHIL 643; business ethics, PHIL 644; or criminal justice ethics, PHIL 645.
- 9 to 12 credits of electives.
- Project or thesis (3 to 6 credits).
Certificate in Professional Ethics
Admission Requirements
Students must be admitted to graduate study or approved for graduate course enrollment through extended studies. Students who initially enroll in the certificate program through extended studies must apply for admission to the graduate program no later than the second semester of study. The certificate may be pursued concurrently with any other graduate program in the university.
Certificate Requirements
Students must successfully complete 15 graduate credits distributed as follows. In consultation with an adviser, students should select their courses to create a coherent program of study.
- 3 credits in the history of ethical theory, PHIL 640
- 3 credits in professional ethics, PHIL 641
- 6 credits in applied ethics chosen from biomedical ethics, PHIL 642; environmental ethics, PHIL 643; or business ethics, PHIL 644
- 3 credits of an elective (requirement can be fulfilled by taking a course in philosophy, but students are encouraged to take courses in other disciplines)

