Jablonsky, David. "U.S. Military Doctrine and the Revolution in Military Affairs," Parameters vol 23 no 3 (Autumn 1994), pp. 18-36.

[A learned survey of the current state of RMA (Revolution in Military Affairs), with references to doctrinal development occasioned by the Somalia operation.]

Jacchia, Enrico. "Viewpoints: Operation Restore Hope," World Press Review vol 40 no 1 (January 1993), p. 6.

[Editorial opinion from Nigeria, Kenya, UAE, France, England and Italy.]

Jackson, John J. "Hippos in the Juba: An AAV Company in Somalia," Marine Corps Gazette 78 (March 1994), pp. 44-49.

Jackson, Robert H. "Armed Humanitarianism," International Journal vol 4, no 4 (Autumn 1993), pp. 579-606.

[The Somalia case is examined; the intervention is justified only on humanitarian grounds.]

Jackson, Robert H. and Carl G. Rosberg. Personal Rule in Black Africa: Prince, Autocrat, Prophet, Tyrant (Berkeley, CA: Univ of California Press, 1982) 316 p.

[Includes a brief assessment of the rule of President Siad Barre, pp. 194-198.]

Jacob, Frederika. "Somalia," AFJN - Africa Faith & Justice Network no date (c. mid-1993), 8 p.

[Catholic order concerned about refugee situation in Somalia.]

Jadick, Maryellen. "Manna from Heaven: Feeding the Starving in Somalia," Citizen Airman 44 (December 1992), pp. 17-19.

Jama Mohamed Ghalib. The Cost of Dictatorship: The Somali Experience (New York: Lilian Barber Press, 1995) 267 p.

[Jama Ghalib was a career policeman, eventually rising to the position of Minister of Interior under Siad Barre. This book records many of the atrocities and other human indignities of the Barre regime.]

James, Alan. "Peacekeeping in the post-Cold War era," International Journal vol L no 2 (Spring 1995), pp. 241-265.

ibid. "Problems of Internal Peacekeeping," Diplomacy & Statecraft vol 5 no 1 (March 1994), pp. 21-46.

[Internal peacekeeping is not a new phenomenon. The author cites the cases of Yemen (UNTOM), the Congo (ONUC), West New Guinea/West Irian (UNTEA and UNSF), the Dominican Republic (DOMREP) and Iran/Iraq (UNIT). A legitimate question is posed: to what extent is a deployed UN-sanctioned force an actor, or a spectator?]

ibid. "The History of Peacekeeping: An Analytical Perspective," Canadian Defence Quarterly vol 23, no 1, special no 2 (1993), pp. 10-17.

ibid. "Internal Peacekeeping: A Dead End for the UN?" Security Dialogue vol 24 no 4 (December 1993), pp. 359-368.

[Poses the essential question: Can the U.N. take responsibility for rebuilding internal order where none exists?]

ibid. Peacekeeping in International Politics (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990) 378 p.

[This valuable book presents a compilation of the dozens of multinational interventions that took place during the Cold War.]

James, George. "Somalia's Overthrown Dictator, Mohamed Siad Barre, Is Dead," The New York Times (3 January 1995).

James, N.F (LTCol). A Brief History of Australian Peacekeeping," Australian Defence Force Journal no 104 (January/February 1994), pp. 3-18.

[The Australian military has been very active in various peacekeeping operations around the world. The Somali deployment, which included 930 Australian personnel, was nonetheless the country's largest overseas military operation since the Viet Nam war.]

Jardine, Douglas. The Mad Mullah of Somaliland (London: Herbert Jenkins, 1923) 336 p.

[This is the first western account of the life of Mohammed Abdulle Hassan, rather disrespectfully dubbed the "Mad Mullah" by the British, whose efforts to control him were unsuccessful for over 20 years. His historic resistance to foreign intrusion -- and his personal piety -- make him Somalia's national hero.]

Jean, François. Populations in Danger (London: Libbey, 1992), 154 p.

[Published jointly with the Médecins sans Frontières.]

Jehl, D. "Mohamed Farah Aidid, Somali Political Leader," New York Times Biographic Service v. 24 (October 1993), pp. 1382-1383.

Jenkins, Simon. "We should beware the laptop bombardiers," vol 272 no 8650 The Spectator (23 April 1994), p. 29.

["...Bosnia is not Somalia, nor was Somalia Beirut. But the role of the media in each is uncannily similar..."]

Jennings, Major J. Willes, and Christopher Addison. With the Abyssinians in Somaliland (London: Hodden and Stoughton, 1905) 265 p.

[Early account of the British military expeditions against the "Mad Mullah" (see Douglas Jardine) and the northeast areas of the Ogaden.]

Jepson, William. "Mission to Somalia: feeding the new world order," New American 11 (January 1993), pp. 5-9.

[On the far right, criticism from someone fearing that humanitarian intervention can lead to world government.]

Johns, Michael. "Preserving American Security Ties to Somalia," The Heritage Foundation Backgrounder no 745 (26 December 1989) 13 p.

[The author judges that the solution to growing problems in Somalia and the Horn is to continue to fight the Cold War, as follows: (1) Revive the military assistance program with Somalia; (2) Urge the government of Somalia to upgrade security at the military installations in Berbera and Mogadishu...; (3) Extend the 1980 access agreement to Berbera and Mogadishu when it comes up for renewal in 1990; (4) Promote reconciliation talks between the Somali government and the SNM, USC and other opposition groups; (5) Open contacts with the Somali opposition to encourage them to accept a cease fire; and (6) Demand that Ethiopian leader Mengistu cease his military support to the insurgency.]

Johnson, Philip. Somalia Diary (Longstreet Press, Inc. 1994).

[Not yet seen by compiler. Author is President of CARE, the primary U.S. NGO that worked in Somalia during Restore Hope.]

Johnson, William D. "The Marine Wing Support Squadron: A Success Story in Somalia," Marine Corps Gazette 78 (February 1994), pp. 35-27.

Joint-Daguenet, Roger. Histoire moderne des Somalis: Les Gaulois de la Corne de l'Afrique (Paris: L'Harmattan, 1995).

[Not necessarily modern history. The most important parts of the book relate to the author's residence in Mogadishu from 1959-1963. Resolute Gaullist, a period piece, "7.65 mm MAB in one hand, baguette in the other," according to a friend.]

Jones, Peter. Peacekeeping: An Annotated Bibliography (Kingston, Ontario: Ronald P. Frye & Company, 1989) 152 p.

[Good bibliography on traditional U.N. peacekeeping operations.]

Joseph, Richard. "Focus on Somalia: the U.S. Connection," Africa D_mos vol III, no 1 (February 1993), pp. 13, 18.

Joxe, Alain. "Humanitarianism et empires," Le Monde Diplomatique 466 (January 1993), p. 1

[Skepticism on the left about justification for humanitarian intervention.]

Joyner, Christopher C. "When Human Suffering Warrants Military Action," The Chronicle of Higher Education (27 January 1993), p. A52.

["...The military operation in Somalia... represents a new test for standards of state behavior--one which submits that the overarching principle of national sovereignty can be pushed aside by considerations of basic human rights..."]