Zakaraia, Fareed. "The Core vs. the Periphery," Commentary vol 96, no 6 (December 1993), pp. 25-29.

Zartman, William I., ed. Cooperative Security: Reducing Third World Wars (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press: Syracuse Studies on Peace and Conflict Resolution, forthcoming 1995) 416 p.

ibid., ed. Collapsed States: The Disintegration & Restoration of Legitimate Authority (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner for SAIS African Studies Library, 1995) 330 p.

[Contains essays on Algeria, Angola, Chad, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Mozambique, Somalia, South Africa, Uganda, Zaire. Thematic essays on democratization, intervention, and state formation round out this excellent compilation. For the Somalia contribution, see Hussein M. Adam.]

Zelnick, C. Robert. "Clinton's Somalia Troubles Began With Bush," The Christian Science Monitor (29 October 1993), p. 19.

["...the Bush Administration left its successor with a mission that was well defined only in its early humanitarian stage, a follow-on commitment to assist UN peacekeepers that was vague and bereft of any 'exit strategy,' and an approach on the ground that had already generated conflict with Aideed and was nearly certain to generate more in the months ahead. The Monday morning quarter backing by Bush team members would be far more persuasive had they done a better job calling the signals on Sunday afternoon..."]

Zimmerman, John K. "Combat Without Recognition," VFW, Veterans of Foreign Wars Magazine vol 81 no 6 (February 1994), pp. 32-33.

[Takes CENTCOM to task for denying Combat Infantryman Badges and supplemental UN pay for U.S. servicemen who served in Somalia prior to 5 June 1993. Zimmerman served with the 10th Mountain division in Somalia from December 1992 through April 1993.]

Zimmerman, John. " Worst Kind of War: 5 Firefights, 4 Confirmed Kills during 'Humanitarian' Ops in Somalia," Soldier of Fortune (September 1993), pp. 30-35, 68-69.

[As always, SOF gives comfort to the macho set. Includes "Somalia Gruntspeak," by Rob Krott. Well done, Rob.]

Zimmermann, Tim. "Somalia Slips Backward: The return of the guns," U.S. News & World Report (13 June 1994), pp. 56-57.

[Somalia continues to slip back into anarchy after the March 1994 withdrawal of the Americans.]

Zimmerman, Tim, and Greg Ferguson. "Low Visibility at Foggy Bottom," U.S. News & World Report (22 November 1993), p. 13.

Zinni, Anthony. "Its Not Nice and Neat," U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings vol 121/8/1,110 (August 1995), pp. 26-30.

[More lessons about peacekeeping by someone with a great deal of experience. One oddly jarring note: "All the time I had known General Aidid, he'd never lied to me..." Aideed's radio station certainly spread a lot of fanciful propaganda about UNITAF and UNOSOM during Lt. Gen. Zinni's stays in Somalia. The article provides some interesting annecdotes about Operation United Shield.]

ibid. "U.S. made a difference in Somalia," USA Today (30 March 1994), p. A13.

[Marine Lt. Gen. Zinni led the covering force that extracted the remaining UNOSOM force from Mogadishu in February-March 1995. As Brigadier, he was operations officer for UNITAF.]

Zolberg, Aristide. "The Specter of Anarchy: African States Verging on Dissolution," Dissent vol 39, no 3 (Summer 1992), pp. 303-311.

[Useful precursor to "failed-state" studies.]

Zvijac, David J. and Katherine A.W. McGrady. Operation Restore Hope: Summary Report (Alexandria, VA: Center for Naval Analyses, March 1994) 73 p.

[Includes a very useful chronology of significant logistical and policy actions pertaining to Operation Restore Hope.]