Annotated Bibliograpy of Peace Operations Literature

da Costa, Peter. "Keeping the peace." Africa Report May 1995, v40n3, p. 26-29

ABSTRACT: Ever since Kwame Nkrumah advocated an African High Command to implement conflict resolution, the Organization of African Unity has been wrestling with the question of whether conflict has to be a recurring fact of life in Africa. South Africa's military and economic strength could be the engine for promoting stability and growth in the region.

Dallachie, Charles A.; Siegel, Adam B. "Meeting the challenges of peace." Marine Corps Gazette Nov 1995, v79n11, p. 45-49

ABSTRACT: Dallachie outlines the USMC's growing focus on operations other than war (OOTWs), such as peacekeeping missions and hostage situations. Siegel discusses the USMC's long history in OOTWs.

Damis, John. "The U.N. settlement plan for the Western Sahara : Problems and prospects." Middle East Policy 1992, v1n2, p. 36-46

ABSTRACT: The UN settlement plan for the western Sahara is discussed. The plan includes the establishment and monitoring of a cease-fire and an exchange of prisoners. Morocco battled the Polisario Front, which seeked a separate Saharan state.

Damrosch, Lori Fisler. Enforcing restraint : collective intervention in internal conflicts. New York : Council on Foreign Relations Press, c1993.

SUBJECTS:United Nations--Armed Forces. Intervention (International law) Civil war. Sanctions (International law)

United States--Foreign relations--1989-

CONTENTS: International involvement in the Yugoslavia conflict / James B. Steinberg--Iraq's repression of its civilian population: collective responses and continuing challenges / Jane E. Stromseth--The Haitian crisis and the OAS response: a test of effectiveness in protecting democracy / Domingo E. Acevedo--Enforcing the peace: ECOWAS and the Liberian civil war / David Wippman--Debacle in Somalia: failure of the collective response / Jeffrey Clark--The United Nations in Cambodia: a model for resolution of internal conflicts? / Steven R. Ratner--The civilian impact of economic sanctions / Lori Fisler Damrosch--A paradigm of legitimate intervention / Tom J. Farer--Concluding reflections / Lori Fisler Damrosch.

Dant, Rajiv P.; Schul, Patrick L. "Conflict Resolution Processes in Contractual Channels of Distribution." Journal of Marketing Jan 1992, v56n1, p. 38-54

ABSTRACT: In a recent study, the behavioral mechanisms of conflict resolution were examined in the context of contractual distribution channels in the franchised fast food industry. The results reveal a high overall use of the integrative problem-solving approach but a preference for third-party intervention when the disputed issues involve high stakes, complexity and policy connotations and when the franchisee dependency is rated high.

Dardykin, Sergei. "One feels sorry for the Serbs, of course, but that's no reason to prepare for World War III." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Oct 11, 1995, v47n37, p. 17

ABSTRACT: Dardykin comments that Russian officials are not seriously considering the possibility of confronting NATO about actions taken in Bosnia. Any action like this would mean war within Russia.

Darragh, Ian. "Soldiers for peace." Canadian Geographic Nov 1992, v112n6, p. 6

ABSTRACT: In an editorial, the UN peacekeeping forces that were ordered to patrol Yugoslavia are discussed. Canadian soldiers are currently involved in 12 peacekeeping operations around the world.

Davidowitz, Esther.; Hutton, Patty.; Cribb, Robb. "Heroes for today." Reader's Digest (Canadian English Edition) Aug 1995, v147n880, p. 39-41

ABSTRACT: The stories of three people who are examples of courage, kindness, and decencies for their communities are related. Zookeeper Heather Ann Stewart rescued a coworker from an attacking jaguar, Jocelyne Fleurant made ribbons to remind people of the Canadians in the peacekeeping forces in Bosnia, and industrious customers helped restaurant owner Marika Hayek out when she couldn't handle the volume of work after letting her staff off to celebrate the Orthodox Christmas.

Davis, David R.; Ward, Michael D. "They dance alone : Deaths and the disappeared in contemporary Chile." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1990, v34n3, p. 449-475

ABSTRACT: Results of a study suggest that the paralysis of Chilean policy in a mode of violent political repression that produces no internal reduction in domestic conflict stimulates the extent and scope of Chilean foreign policy conflicts with other nations.

Day, J P. "Compromise." Philosophy Oct 1989, v64n250, p. 471-485

ABSTRACT: A familiar form of conflict-resolution is discussed. The contribution made by game theorists and economists has made the literature on the subject vast and technical.

Day, Samuel H., Jr. "Be your own peacemaker." The Progressive v. 51 (Apr. '87) p. 17-18

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Peace movement.Anti-nuclear movement.

ABSTRACT: In a recent series in Fellowship, the magazine of the Fellowship of Reconciliation, peace activists Andrea Ayvazian and Michael T. Klare assert that the peace movement's current strategic approach is conceptually flawed because it incorrectly views the U.S. government as both the problem and the solution. They suggest that rather than relinquish to the political Right exclusive control over the interpretation of American values, goals, and history, the peace movement should project an alternative national image based on a life-centered, democratic paradigm that gives physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being priority over profits, technology, and military strength. To this end, citizens should begin to assume direct responsibility for peacemaking instead of imploring others to make peace. Only then will the peace movement find the popular base on which to build a revolution.

Dean, Jonathan. "A stronger U.N. strengthens America." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Mar 1995, v51n2, p. 45-51+

ABSTRACT: The Clinton Administration is making a mistake by looking upon UN peacekeeping missions as acts of charity to be indulged when there is minimum risk and the humanitarian considerations are overwhelming. This should be a priority for US national security.

De Broglio, Nathalie. "Peace that hurts." Index on Censorship Sep 1995, n24n5, p. 83-86

ABSTRACT: El Salvador became a watchword for state-sponsored terror in the 1980s. Now that the UN has left, there are disturbing signs of a return to the past.

De Dreu, Carsten K W. "Coercive power and concession making in bilateral negotiation." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1995, v39n4, p. 646-670

ABSTRACT: An experiment examined the effects of negotiators' and opponents' coercive capability on level of demand and on communication of threats and promises. Data indicate that in bilateral negotiations, higher levels of opponent's coercive power elicit more reliance on threats and less punitive action.

DeJong, William.; Gainer, Patricia S.; Champion, Howared R.; Wilson-Brewer, Renee. "School-based conflict resolution : Give educators more credit--Comment/reply." Health Affairs Fall 1994, v13n4, p. 163-177

ABSTRACT: DeJong, Gainer, Champion, Wilson-Brewer et al discuss Daniel W. Webster's "The Unconvincing Case," an article concerning school-based violence prevention programs. Webster replies.

Delanty, Gerard. "Negotiating the peace in Northern Ireland." Journal of Peace Research Aug 1995, v32n3, p. 257-264

ABSTRACT: The Framework Document issued by the British and Irish governments on Feb 22, 1995 has provided a constitutional basis for the consolidation of peace in Northern Ireland. The present movement toward peace in Northern Ireland is examined. The province is being increasingly drawn into the European norm of conflict resolution by means of democratic consent.

Dell, Sidney S. "The Bertrand Critique of the Role of the United Nations in the Economic and Social Fields." World Development Jun 1991, v19n6, p. 735-740

ABSTRACT: Maurice Bertrand's conclusion that improvement of the UN's efficiency in the economic and social fields is a more likely prospect than improvement in the field of peace and security is discussed. The UN's effectiveness in economic and social fields is considered.

Denning, Brannon P. "It's the old battle with a new whine." National Law Journal Dec 18, 1995, v18n16, p. A19

ABSTRACT: Spc Michael New has become a cause celebre among conservatives because the young Army medic has refused to wear UN insignia or serve under UN command as part of a US peacekeeping contingent dispatched from Germany to Macedonia.

DeRouen, Karl R Jr. "The indirect link : Politics, the economy, and the use of force." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1995, v39n4, p. 671-695

ABSTRACT: A study ascertained the extent to which domestic politics and the state of the national economy are relevant factors to US presidents faced with the decision to use force during international crises. An indirect link between the economy, politics and the use of force was found.

Deshen, Shlomo. "Applied Anthropology in International Conflict Resolution : The Case of the Israeli Debate on Middle Eastern Settlement Proposals." Human Organization Summer 1992, v51n2, p. 180-184

ABSTRACT: Anthropology has made comparatively few contributions to the field of international and inter-cultural relations. The potential of anthropological insight in the field of international conflict is explored through a look at the Israeli debate on Middle Eastern settlement proposals.

Desmond, Edward W. "An end in sight?." Time v. 131 (Apr. 18 '88) p. 34-5+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Muslims--Afghanistan.Afghanistan--Russian invasion, 1979-1989--Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: The withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan appears to be imminent, but the same cannot be said for an end to the nation's war. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and Afghanistan president Najibullah have come to an agreement on the Soviet withdrawal, and the United Nations chief negotiator in the conflict, Diego Cordovez, has announced that Pakistan, Afghanistan, the Soviet Union, and the United States are ready to sign the accords. Washington, however, has said that it wants a formal response from the Soviets on the U.S. demand for the right to supply arms to the rebels at a level comparable to the level of Soviet support for Kabul. After the accords are signed, it remains to be seen whether the rebel mujahedin or the Najibullah government will control the country. Mujahedin leaders have made it clear that they are not bound to any pact because they were not included in negotiations. They will therefore continue fighting after the Soviets leave.

de Soto, Alvaro.; del Castillo, Graciana. "Obstacles to peacebuilding." Foreign Policy Spring 1994, n94, p. 69-83

ABSTRACT: Though much has been written about the UN's capacity to handle its military missions commonly known as "peacekeeping," the greater challenge lies in those more comprehensive missions that encompass both civilian and military responsibilities. An examination of the peace process in El Salvador is presented to shed light on some of the strains now troubling the UN system.

Dettmer, Jamie. "War stumble irks Congress." Insight on the News Jun 26, 1995, v11n25, p. 8-10

ABSTRACT: Pres Clinton's decision to broaden possible deployment conditions to shore up a UN operation in Bosnia was received with astonishment on Capitol Hill. No one was forewarned of this shift in policy.

Dettmer, Jamie.; Rodriguez, Paul.; Leiter, Lisa. "Bosnia : A vital interest?" Insight on the News Dec 18, 1995, v11n48, p. 6

ABSTRACT: In the very near future, approximately 20,000 US troops could be deployed to keep the peace in Bosnia. The question of whether Bosnia is of vital interest to the US is discussed.

Dettmer, Jamie.; Leiter, Lisa. "Get out or get on." Insight on the News Jun 26, 1995, v11n25, p. 6

ABSTRACT: British Col William Macnair's view on the UK and the US roles in the war in Bosnia are discussed. He believes that John Major's plan to deploy more troops will only meet with disaster.

Deutsch, Morton. "Constructive conflict resolution : Principles, training, and research." Journal of Social Issues Spring 1994, v50n1, p. 13-32

ABSTRACT: Several propositions to which most students of conflict, no matter what their discipline, would assent are presented. Factors affecting the course of conflict and the skills involved in constructive conflict resolution are discussed as well.

DeVolpi, Alex.; Wernette, Dee. "Congress enacts a Peace Institute." The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists v. 41 (Feb. '85) p. 42

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United States Institute of Peace.United States.--Congress (98th, 2nd session: 1984)

ABSTRACT: The United States Institute of Peace Act, signed by President Reagan on October 19, was enacted by the ninety-eighth Congress to establish an independent, government-funded corporation that will conduct and disseminate research in conflict resolution. Six million dollars has been authorized for fiscal 1985, and ten million dollars for fiscal 1986. The principal offices will be in Washington, D.C., but at least 25 per cent of the funding will be allocated to activities in other public or nonprofit institutions. The institute results from bipartisan efforts by Senators Mark O. Hatfield, Spark M. Matsunaga, Jennings Randolph, Robert T. Stafford, and former Senator Vance Hartke, and by Congressmen Dan Glickman and Dante B. Fascell. The institute will be run by a fifteen-member board comprised of heads or designees of the Departments of State and Defense, the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the National Defense University, and presidential appointees.

Dewitt, David, David Haglund, John Kirton.Building a new global order : emerging trends in international security. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1993.

SUBJECTS:Security, International.International cooperation.

CONTENTS:Quo Vadis? United States' cycle of power and its role in a transforming world / Charles F. Doran -- Collapse of the USSR and world security / S. Neil MacFarlane-- European security after the Cold War / C. C. Pentland -- Third World in the changing strategic context / Mohammed Ayoob -- Dynamics of military technology / Andrew L. Ross -- Production and security / Robert W. Cox -- Global communications, culture, and values / David V. J. Bell -- Global enviornmental change and international security / Thomas F. Homer-Dixon -- Population and (in)security / Nazli Choucri and Robert C. North -- Opportunities and obstacles for collective security after the Cold War / Thomas G. Weiss and Laura S. Hayes Holgate -- United Nations' contribution to international peace and security / W. Andy Knight and Mari Yamashita -- Bound to leave? Future of the NATO stationing regime in Germany / David G. Haglund and Olaf Mager -- Seven-Power Summit as a new security institution / John Kirton -- Missle technology control regime / Albert Legault -- New world order? Western public perceptions in the Post-Cold-War era / Don Munton.

Diamond, Lisa.; Lefkoff, Lynn. "Common goals at play : Improvisation and negotiation." Theater Spring 1992, v23n2, p. 21-24

ABSTRACT: The role of improvisation in "theater games," as first theorized by Viola Spolin, is discussed in relation to conflict resolution. Improvisers and negotiators often get into and out of many sticky situations.

Dickerson, Karle. "Life with addicted parents: healing the hurt." 'Teen v. 30 (May '86) p. 14+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Children of drug addicts.

ABSTRACT: Teenagers whose parents are addicted to alcohol, illegal drugs, or even prescription drugs can be in a state of turmoil. Everyday household events can easily escalate into explosive confrontations, and teenagers may try to cope with the situation by becoming overly responsible or by attempting to monitor the substance abuse. Other teens take on a peacemaking role in the family or act on their angry feelings by engaging in a variety of negative behaviors. Teenagers with addicted parents frequently experience feelings of hopelessness. Experts say that these teens should try to talk about their feelings with an objective adult. Suggestions that can help initiate the healing process are given. Sidebars provide historical facts about substance abuse and addresses and phone numbers for sources of additional information.

Diehl, Paul F. "Peacekeeping Operations and the Quest for Peace." Political Science Quarterly Fall 1988, v103n3, p. 485-507

ABSTRACT: Peace keeping operations are more successful when all combatants, including third parties, cooperate and the conflict is not a civil war. Superpower behavior has a minimal role once the operation has begun. References.

DiFilippo, Anthony. "Superpower parity in US-Japan relations." Peacekeeping & International Relations Sep 1995, v24n5, p. 14-15

ABSTRACT: Relations between Japan and the US are discussed. DeFilippo argues that there is a connection between the continued reliance on a major part of the anachronistic Cold War security system and the increasingly strained relationship between the two countries.

Dingwall, James." The new government's goals." D&B Reports v. 43 (Jan./Feb. '94) p. 46-7

KEY WORDS: Canada--Economic relations--United States.United States--Economic relations--Canada.

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Chretien, Jean.

ABSTRACT: Canada's new prime minister, Jean Chretien, appears to be less pro-U.S. and more intent on sharpening Canada's focus on Asia, and the rise of his Liberal party brings a new uncertainty to Canadian-U.S. relations. The Liberals have long argued that relations with the U.S. were too close, and they might now be able to convince many other Canadians that the country can survive some distancing. This shift in Canadian-U.S. relations is driven by a new spirit of competitive nationalism within the corporate sector and by the emergence of new international trade and business options in central Europe and Asia. Chretien has also promised to review Canadian commitments to NATO, as well as aid programs and peacekeeping activities, whether these commitments are in line with U.S. interests or not. In addition, the new government's policies will pit Canadian businesses against their U.S. counterparts overseas. Additional friction will be generated by certain NAFTA provisions.

Dinklage, Rosemarie I.; Ziller, Robert C. "Explicating cognitive conflict through photo-communication." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1989, v33n2, p. 309-317

ABSTRACT: Eighty children from Germany and the US were asked to take one photograph representing war and one representing peace. A content analysis of the photographs coupled with photo-focused interviews showed German children depicted more destruction and negative consequences associated with war.

Dion, Michel.; Anderson, Gordon L. "Peace in the Bible and the UN Declarations--Comment/Reply." International Journal on World Peace Mar 1992, v9n1, p. 37-67

ABSTRACT: The Biblical idea of peace and UN Declarations on peace issues are used to establish various norms for world peace. Anderson comments on the danger of accepting secular peace efforts. Dion responds that dialectics of peace developed by the church should be integrated within the process of declaring UN resolutions in matters of international peace.

Ditter, Bob. "New directions in staff training and development." Camping Magazine Jan 1995, v67n3, p. 38-42

ABSTRACT: Camp staff should learn conflict resolution techniques for dealing with problems between campers. The training and development of camp staff are discussed.

Dixon, William J. "Democracy and the management of international conflict." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1993, v37n1, p. 42-68

ABSTRACT: Investigation of the democracy-war hypothesis is extended by focusing on the norms of dispute resolution integral to the democratic process. If the norms are extended to the international arena, then it becomes reasonable to expect democratic states to adopt compromise solutions to international problems.

Dizdarevic, Zlatko. "UN : Make or break--Divided we stand." Index on Censorship Sep 1995, n24n5, p. 54-57

ABSTRACT: If the latest peace proposal is all that it seems, Bosnians could soon be in possession of their independent, though divided, state. Peace on the home front is another matter.

Dizdarevic, Zlatko. "UN : Make or break--Divided we stand." Index on Censorship Sep 1995, n24n5, p. 54-57

ABSTRACT: If the latest peace proposal is all that it seems, Bosnians could soon be in possession of their independent, though divided, state. Peace on the home front is another matter.

Djerejian, Edward P. "The Middle East in the Post-Gulf War Period." US Department of State Dispatch Feb 1992, v3 (Suppl. 2), p. 13-15

ABSTRACT: Agreements reached in the Middle Peace Conference are outlined. Negotiations are to be conducted according to UN Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338 between Israel and Arab states and between Israel and Palestinians, and all parties have expressed a desire for peace and diplomatic relations.

Dobbins, James F. "Assessing the progress of Haitian democracy." US Department of State Dispatch Sep 25, 1995, v6n39, p. 709-710

ABSTRACT: US peacekeeping forces are expected to return from Haiti in Feb 1996. The progress that Haiti has made toward establishing democracy is examined.

Dobson, Rick. "New replication options in Access, Oracle, and Notes." Byte Oct 1995, v20n10, p. 30

ABSTRACT: Microsoft's new 32-bit version of Access for Windows 95 offers replication management tools and automatic conflict resolution. However, the tools don't have quite the level of granularity of upcoming versions of Lotus Notes 4.0 and Personal Oracle 7.

Doerner, William R. "Botching the peace." Time v. 133 (Apr. 17 '89) p. 35

KEY WORDS: SWAPO.United Nations Transition Assistance Group in Namibia.Namibia--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: Guerrilla violence and UN ineptitude threaten to unravel an international agreement designed to bring independence to Namibia after 74 years of rule by South Africa. Under the agreement, a United Nations peacekeeping force (UNTAG) took the responsibility of policing Namibia's transition, but with less than one-fourth of its planned force on hand, UNTAG was unprepared for the violence that broke out. The trouble began when troops of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), which has been battling Pretoria's rule, violated the cease-fire agreement by entering Namibia from their bases in southern Angola. In encounters with the forces of the South West Africa Police, at least 260 guerrillas were killed. The incursions prompted South Africa, which had only reluctantly accepted the independence plan, to threaten an end to the treaty. All parties have too much at stake in the agreement to discard it without strong cause, however.

Doerner, William R. "Gromyko comes calling." Time v. 124 (Oct. 1 '84) p. 12-15+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United States--Foreign relations--Soviet Union.

ABSTRACT: Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko arrived in New York to address the opening session of the United Nations and to meet with President Ronald Reagan. The meeting could determine U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union in a second Reagan term. The president may have sought the meeting because of admonitions from his aides that he was weak on "the war-and-peace issue," which Democratic candidate Walter Mondale has exploited. Gromyko will also meet with Mondale, but the candidate is expected to avoid any politically damaging discussion. Reagan has chosen a moderate course for his meeting with Gromyko, between the hard-line of the Pentagon and the more conciliatory position of the State Department. He will probably keep the talks general and flexible but not make any promises, unless Gromyko makes a proposal. Reagan has been deemphasizing foreign policy but stands to make significant political gains if the meeting goes well; it might even lead to new nuclear arms talks.

Doerner, William R. "On the brink of peace." Time v. 132 (Aug. 1 '88) p. 26-9

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Iranian-Iraqi War, 1980-1988--Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: In an astonishing turnabout, Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini confirmed Iranian president Ali Khamenei's earlier announcement that the country is willing to abide by United Nations Resolution 598, which calls for a cease-fire between Iran and Iraq. In the days that followed Khomeini's announcement, Iraq attacked several Iranian sites in an attempt to gain more leverage in cease-fire negotiations. In the past three months, Iran has suffered several crucial military setbacks. In addition, the accidental destruction of an Iranian airliner by the United States enabled moderate Iranians to argue persuasively that the United States would not let Iran win its war with Iraq. The United States, which has attempted to prevent Tehran from seizing power in the Persian Gulf region, has good reason to applaud the cease-fire.

Doerner, William R. "Botching the peace." Time v. 133 (Apr. 17 '89) p. 35

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: SWAPO.United Nations Transition Assistance Group in Namibia.Namibia--Politics and government.

Doerner, William R.; Hawthorne, Peter. "Botching the Peace." Time Apr 17, 1989, v133n16, p. 35

ABSTRACT: Clashes between South African troops and SWAPO guerillas threaten the peace accord between South Africa, Angola, Namibia and Cuba as SWAPO troops made incursions into Namibia.

Doherty, Carroll J. "Bush's New U.N. Fund Request Hits Resistance on the Hill." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Mar 7, 1992, v50n10, p. 551-552

ABSTRACT: The Bush Administration has requested $108 million in new budget authority over the next two fiscal years to help underwrite UN peacekeeping operations in Cambodia, Yugoslavia and several other countries. The request is expected to encounter resistance in Congress. Israel's request for US loan guarantees is discussed.

Doherty, Carroll J. "GOP's increasing hard line highlights inner division." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Dec 10, 1994, v52n48, p. 3513-3515

ABSTRACT: Republican leaders' remarks on foreign policy in Bosnia-Hercegovina may set them on a collision course with the Clinton Administration and their own party. The top GOP leaders have sketched out a tough policy of arming the besieged Bosnian Muslims and bombing the Serbs.

Doherty, Carroll J. "Negotiations over Bosnia's fate may draw U.S. into fray." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Mar 27, 1993, v51n13, p. 768-769

ABSTRACT: Developments during the UN-sponsored negotiations over Bosnia-Herzegovina raised new possibilities that US troops may be called upon to enforce a cease-fire agreement. Secy of State Warren Christopher's recent efforts related to Bosnia are discussed.

Doherty, Carroll J. "Bosnian War propels Congress, Clinton toward own battle." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Jun 3, 1995, v53n22, p. 1587

ABSTRACT: The rapidly escalating crisis in Bosnia has set the stage for the first confrontation between Pres Clinton and the Republican-led Congress over the use of US force abroad. Clinton's decision to expand the conditions under which US ground forces may be dispatched to Bosnia is discussed.

Doherty, Carroll J. "Clinton vow to provide troops revives war powers conflict. Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Oct 14, 1995, v53n40, p. 3158

ABSTRACT: The battle between Pres Clinton and Republican lawmakers over which branch of government holds the ultimate AUTHORity to commit troops abroad is intensifying. The US is on the verge of a peacekeeping mission in Bosnia.

Doherty, Carroll J. "Defense funds, budget cuts win Senate approval." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Mar 18, 1995, v53n11, p. 827

ABSTRACT: On Mar 16, 1995 the Senate approved HR 889, the fiscal 1995 Defense Supplemental Appropriations bill. The bill would pay for unplanned peacekeeping missions in fiscal 1995 and makes recissions in defense and domestic programs.

Doherty, Carroll J. "Dole's blueprint takes aim at relationship with U.N." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Jan 7, 1995, v53n1, p. 44-45

ABSTRACT: Sen Robert Dole (R-KS) introduced two bills on Jan 4, 1995 that would rein in US support for UN peacekeeping and scrap the international arms embargo against Bosnia's Muslims. The bold, preemptive action is discussed.

Doherty, Carroll J.; Towell, Pat. "GOP retreats on boosting spending, clamps down on peacekeeping." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Feb 4, 1995, v53n5, p. 375-377

ABSTRACT: The overriding debate over the federal deficit has prompted House Republicans to back away from demands to build an expensive missile defense system. However, they still advocate cutting US participation in UN peacekeeping.

Doherty, Carroll J.; Towell, Pat. "In Senate, 'contract' proposals survive in altered forms." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Mar 25, 1995, v53n12, p. 878-879

ABSTRACT: HR7, which incorporates the defense and foreign policy tenets of the Republican "Contract With America," stopped dead at the Senate doors, while some of the House GOP's proposals remain very much alive. The bill imposes new restrictions on US peacekeeping policy, calls for enhanced US military readiness and urges early admission of Eastern European nations to NATO.

Doherty, Carroll J. "Lawmakers wary of Balkan role." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Sep 30, 1995, v53n38, p. 3018

ABSTRACT: Sen Bob Dole (R-KS) says Pres Clinton has yet to effectively make a case for troop deployment to the Balkan region to back up a peace accord. Clinton has said he will provide up to 25,000 US troops to a NATO force.

Doherty, Carroll J. "Top leaders' paths diverge on U.N., aid to Russia." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Mar 4, 1995, v53n9, p. 698

ABSTRACT: The conflicts between the Clinton Administration and the Republican Party over aid to Russia and UN peacekeeping efforts is discussed. Pres Clinton, Sen Bob Dole and Rep Newt Gingrich laid out divergent foreign policy approaches.

Doherty, Carroll J. "As guns fall silent near Sarajevo, U.S. faces peacekeeping role." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Feb 26, 1994, v52n8, p. 484-486

ABSTRACT: More than a year after the US's offer to provide troops to enforce a Bosnian peace accord, the prospect for an agreement has, for the first time, become a reality. The difficult job of bringing peace might be dwarfed, however, by the challenge of keeping the peace.

Doherty, Carroll J.; Kortanek, Mary E. "Defining the national interest : A process of trial and error." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Mar 26, 1994, v52n12, p. 750-754

ABSTRACT: The struggles faced by Pres Clinton and Congress in attempting to define foreign policy in an unstable era are discussed. The problems encountered in Somalia are examples of a peacekeeping mission gone awry.

examined.

Dohrs, Larry S. "Cambodian tourism: problems and potentials." Journal of Southeast Asia Business v. 7 (Summer '91) p. 14-22

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Tourist trade--Cambodia.

ABSTRACT: Following an agreement on a framework for peace by the Cambodian government and the 3 resistance factions, with the assistance of the United Nations, many people are outlining strategies for integrating Cambodia into the world tourist economy. International tourism in the country is appealing both to the destitute Phnom Penh government and to a vibrant global tourism and travel industry that is searching for new opportunities. For a country in need of money, tourism promises a rapid infusion of foreign exchange without demanding excessive investment of scarce funds. Cambodia stands to reap substantial benefits from opening itself to foreign visitors, but the risks of economic, social, cultural, and sexual exploitation are also considerable. Possible developments in the emerging Cambodian tourism industry and strategies for coping with the pressures of big business tourism are discussed.

Dorn, A. Walter. "U.N. should verify treaties." The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists v. 46 (July/Aug. '90) p. 12-13

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations.Disarmament--Inspection.

ABSTRACT: An article excerpted from a working paper to be published by the Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security. Many members of the United Nations feel that the organization should play a more active role in arms control by creating an agency to verify treaties. An effective UN verification agency would provide speed in treaty implementation; save money by sharing many scientific, technical, and administrative resources; protect intelligence gathering; and demonstrate global confidence in the impartiality and objectivity of the UN secretariat and the secretary-general. The Soviet Union, which is in favor of a verification agency, believes that the UN needs sophisticated tools for verification, including satellite-monitoring capability and a worldwide system of seismic stations. The United States, however, opposes such an agency on the grounds that new treaties require specific verification measures that an agency is unlikely to anticipate.

Dole, Bob. "Let Bosnia control its own future." Newsweek Aug 7, 1995, v126n6, p. 41

ABSTRACT: Senator Bob Dole makes the argument for lifting the arms embargo against Bosnia. Lifting the arms embargo will put the future of Bosnia back into Bosnian control.

Dong-Won Shen.; Wall, James A Jr. "Community mediation in South Korea." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1993, v37n3, p. 536-543

ABSTRACT: Korean community mediation in the city is compared with that in the village. Reports from 34 city and 19 village mediators indicate that village mediators do handle more disputes.

Donovan, James A. "The United Nations--Its roles and missions for American armed forces." Marine Corps Gazette Jul 1995, v79n7, p. 68-74

ABSTRACT: US support of UN peacekeeping, peacemaking and humanitarian efforts are restricted by the fact that many Americans are wary of combined efforts with other nations that are not under US leadership and command.

Doran, Charles F. "Systemic disequilibrium, foreign policy role, and the power cycle : Challenges for research design." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1989, v33n3, p. 371-401

ABSTRACT: Confronting widespread ambiguities of theory and research design, this study establishes conditions underlying international political stability for state and system, and shows that empirical research on systems transformation and major war must incorporate both strategic power balancing and power-role equilibration. The results of this study are presented.

Douglas, Jon A. "Money is life's report card." Vital Speeches of the Day v. 58 (Nov. 1 '91) p. 42-5

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Real estate agencies and agents--Training.Success.

ABSTRACT: In a speech delivered at the Summer Symposium in Malibu, California, the president and CEO of Jon Douglas Company discusses paths toward self improvement: Self development requires awareness of world events, empathic listening skills, conflict resolution abilities, exposure to the arts, travel, sensitivity in relationships, involvement in charity work, self esteem, communication skills, and commitment to goals. By developing these traits, real estate agents in Jon Douglas Company will lead happier, more successful lives.

Douglas, Jon A. "Money Is Life's Report Card : Or Is It?" Vital Speeches of the Day Nov 1, 1991, v58n2, p. 42-45

ABSTRACT: A fictitious curriculum for becoming a "truly superior person," which includes courses dealing with awareness, empathic listening, conflict resolution, the arts, travel, relationships, self-esteem, communication and commitment, is described in an academic setting.

Dower, John W. "Japan and the U.S. samurai spirit." The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists v. 47 (June '91) p. 28-30

KEY WORDS: Persian Gulf War, 1991--Japanese participation.Japan--Military policy.Japan--Foreign relations.United States--Foreign relations--Japan.

ABSTRACT: Part of a cover story on the new world order. Japan should develop a global policy consistent with its nonmilitaristic constitution and its technological and economic resources. Since the Persian Gulf War, Japan has been the target of much anger and abuse. This vilification stems partly from U.S. militarism and resentment of Japan's economic power but more so from Japan's failure to define its global responsibilities. Japan is under pressure to abandon its "peace" constitution so that it can contribute more than just money to future U.S.-orchestrated overseas military actions. Other measures would be more appropriate, however, such as establishing a Japanese peacekeeping force to serve in UN monitoring activities, reaffirming the principles of Japan's peace constitution, and broadening Japan's participation in arms control and assistance and development programs, especially in the Asia-Pacific region.

Doyle, Michael W. "Forcing peace." Dissent Spring 1994, v41n2, p. 167-171

ABSTRACT: The UN must discover how to sustain as much humanitarian protection as the UN's member states will support while pushing ahead the UN's peacemaking and peacekeeping role. Ways in which the UN can play a vital role in peacemaking endeavors are examined.

Doyle, Kevin. "A unique role for Canada." Maclean's Jan 18, 1993, v106n3, p. 4

ABSTRACT: An editorial discusses Canada's role in international peacekeeping. The UN's peacekeeping role seems confused and impotent. Ottawa Ontario Canada, a pioneer in the field of reducing waste and corruption, should offer to redefine the role of peacekeeping and peacemaking.

Doyle, Michael W. "Forcing peace." Dissent Spring 1994, v41n2, p. 167-171

Drinan, Robert F. "Report Should Be Bible for Better World." National Catholic Reporter May 8, 1992, v28n27, p. 19

ABSTRACT: The recently issued third annual "Human Development Report for 1992" is discussed. The report, which is furnished by the UN, should be the bible of those yearning for a new vision of world peace and justice.

Druckman, Daniel.; Broome, Benjamin J. "Value Differences and Conflict Resolution : Familiarity or Liking?" Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1991, v35n4, p. 571-593

ABSTRACT: The effects of familiarity and liking on negotiating perceptions and behaviors were explored. Results in two experiments showed different effects for the familiarity and liking variables.

Druckman, Daniel.; Harris, Richard. "Alternative models of responsiveness in international negotiation." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1990, v34n2, p. 234-251

ABSTRACT: The concept of threshold adjustment captures the process of comparing moves following a monitoring of the trend in another's behavior. The relationship between one's own and another's previous moves, known as comparative responsiveness, was studied in five arms control talks and one base-rights negotiation.

Druckman, Daniel. "Determinants of compromising behavior in negotiation : A meta-analysis." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1994, v38n3, p. 507-556

ABSTRACT: The effects of nine variables on compromising behavior and time to resolution were assessed by a meta-analysis of published bargaining experiments over a 25-year period. The results challenge the assertion that group representation is a main determinant of competitive behavior in bargaining.

Druckman, Daniel. "The situational levers of negotiating flexibility." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1993, v37n2, p. 236-276

ABSTRACT: The effects of a number of situational variables on decisions to be flexible or inflexible were explored in a simulation of an international negotiation on the regulation of gases contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer.

Duff, Elizabeth. "Can your child cope with conflict?" Working Mother Mar 1994, v17n3, p. 40-46

ABSTRACT: Most children need to be taught the basics of conflict resolution. They must learn to control their anger, articulate their feelings, talk conflicts through, use nonthreatening language and develop friendly body language.

Dugan, Daniel O. "Resolving interpersonal conflicts in clinical settings." Second Opinion Apr 1994, v19n4, p. 91-92

ABSTRACT: An article by Bethany J. Spielman regarding medical ethics and conflict resolution is examined. Intuition and interpersonal skills, which Spielman overlooks, can be just as important as conceptual schemas in teaching people how to get past conflicts.

Dufour, Joanne.; Sears, John F. "Dream of a world united." Social Education Nov 1994, v58n7, p. 401

ABSTRACT: With the end of the cold war, the UN has the opportunity to meet its original expectations of unifying nations in an effort to create peace. The 50th anniversary of the UN in 1995 comes at a time when the organization is expected to play a leading role in world affairs on a daily basis.

Dufour, Joanne.; Sears, John F. "Dream of a world united." Social Education Nov 1994, v58n7, p. 401

Dufour, Joanne.; Day, Billie. "The United Nations from the field : The work of volunteers." Social Education Nov 1994, v58n7, p. 424-426

ABSTRACT: The concept of voluntary service as a means of promoting development and laying the foundations of peace has continued to grow since the inception of the Peace Corps by Pres Kennedy in 1961. Descriptions of experiences of former US Peace Corps volunteers are presented.

Dufour, Joanne. "An Update on UNESCO." Social Education Sep 1991, v55n5, p. 296

ABSTRACT: The UNESCO was created in 1946 to contribute to peace and security in the world by promoting collaboration between nations through education, science, culture and communication. The work of UNESCO and its resources that are available to teachers are highlighted.

Dunkel, Tom. "In the fight to keep peace." Insight Jan 18, 1993, v9n3, p. 4-9+

ABSTRACT: Being a UN peacekeeper requires toughness and lots of patience. The appropriate ways to utilize these forces in the future as they become more accepted in the international community are discussed.

Dunkel, Tom. "In the fight to keep peace." Insight Jan 18, 1993, v9n3, p. 4-9+

Durch, William J.. The Evolution of UN peacekeeping : case studies and comparative analysis. New York, NY : St. Martin's Press, 1993.

SUBJECTS:United Nations--Armed Forces.

CONTENTS:Getting involved : the political-military context ; Paying the tab : financial crises ; Running the show : planning and implementation / William J. Durch -- United Nations Special Committee on the Balkans / Karl Th. Birgisson -- United Nations Truce Supervision Organization ; United Nations Emergency Force I ; United Nations Emergency Force II ; United Nations Disengagement Observer Force; United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon ; United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon / Mona Ghali -- United Nations Yemen Observation Mission ; United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus / Karl Th. Birgisson -- United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group / Brian D. Smith -- The Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission / William J. Durch -- United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan / Karl Th. Birgisson -- UN Temporary Executive Authority / William J. Durch.

United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan / Karl Th. Birgisson -- The UN Operation in the Congo / William J. Durch -- United Nations Transition Assistance Group in Namibia ; United Nations Angola Verification Mission I ; United Nations Angola Verification Mission II / Virginia Page Fortna -- United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara / William J. Durch -- UN Observer Group in Central America / Brian D. Smith and William J. Durch.

Durr, Hans-Peter. "Could 'Star Wars' work?." World Press Review v. 32 (Sept. '85) p. 23-9

KEY WORDS: Strategic Defense Initiative.

ABSTRACT: Excerpted from Der Spiegel, July 15. The economic and strategic advantages of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) have been widely touted; however, if implemented, SDI would actually upset an already volatile political situation and escalate the arms race. It is impossible for SDI to achieve the 99 percent destruction rate necessary to make it effective as a defense system, and its components, which would include space battle stations and powerful lasers, are untested, complex, and expensive, besides being highly vulnerable to damage and enemy attack. The countermeasures that would be necessary to defend the defense system would defeat its expressed purpose of increasing security. Peacekeeping is only possible through political means. Military technology could best benefit humanity if it were devoted to alleviating unemployment, the erosion of natural resources, and the many other immediate problems threatening the world.

Du Toit, Pierre. "Bargaining about bargaining." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1989, v33n2, p. 210-230

ABSTRACT: The prospects for conflict resolution in South Africa are assessed by evaluating two divergent theoretically informed predictions for South Africa. Successful conflict resolutions in deeply divided societies depends on how contending political leaders respond to the constraints inherent in conflicts characterized by strategic interaction.

Dutter, Lee E. "Theoretical perspectives on ethnic political behavior in the Soviet Union." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1990, v34n2, p. 310-334

ABSTRACT: The importance of ethnic divisions to the internal politics of the USSR is indisputable. Extant theoretical frameworks on ethnic political behavior are applied to the USSR in order to modify or reformulate existing theoretical ideas in nondemocratic political systems.

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Eban, Abba. "The U.N. idea revisited." Foreign Affairs Sep 1995, v74n5, p. 39-55

ABSTRACT: Traditional diplomats have proved that they are better at settling conflicts than the UN, but the dream of a global community is still alive in the human imagination.

Edmondson, Daisy. "5 and 6 : Children are good storytellers." Parents Mar 1994, v69n3, p. 114-115

ABSTRACT: According to the results of one study, children are able to tell a real story with a conflict and resolution around the age of five. The research is discussed.

Eisenstadt, Marc; Brayshaw, Mike. "A knowledge engineering toolkit (II)." Byte v. 15 (Nov. '90) p. 364-8+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Expert systems.Prolog (Computer language).

ABSTRACT: Instructions on how to implement and use the Micro Interpreter for Knowledge Engineering (MIKE), which relies on a computer language known as Prolog. The concepts of inheritance, backward chaining, forward chaining, fast forward chaining, true defaults, facets, conflict resolution, daemons, explanation facilities, and tracing are discussed.

Eismont, Maria. "Chechnya : Ruslan Khasbulatov won't participate in State Duma elections." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Nov 1, 1995, v47n40, p. 19-20

ABSTRACT: Ruslan Khasbulatov, the former speaker of the Russian parliament and the former leader of a peacekeeping group in Chechnya Russia, has announced that he will not participate in the upcoming State Duma elections.

Elias, Nabil. "The effects of financial information symmetry on conflict resolution: an experiment in the context of labor negotiations." The Accounting Review v. 65 (July '90) p. 606-23

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Information theory.Collective bargaining--Mathematical models.

ABSTRACT: Part of a special section on negotiation research in accounting. A study was conducted to examine the effects of financial information symmetry in a union-management bargaining context. A laboratory experiment examined the effects of financial information disclosure on prenegotiation expectations and perceptions and on negotiation results. Profitability was manipulated by either providing or withholding historical and forecast financial information to union subjects. The study results generally suggested that when information was not disclosed to union subjects, prenegotiation expectations and conflicts were consistently higher. As expected, settlements were generally higher in the profit case than in the loss case.

Elliott, Michael. "A field guide to neocolonialists." Newsweek Aug 8, 1994, v124n6, p. 27

ABSTRACT: The motivations of some countries to intervene in LDCs when a crisis emerges are examined. There are three types of interventionists--the wallflowers, the do-gooders and the imperialists.

Elliott, Michael. "Bombs over Bosnia." Newsweek Jun 5, 1995, v125n23, p. 32-33

ABSTRACT: In retaliation for two recent NATO air strikes, Bosnian Serbs shelled five of the six UN-declared safe havens and took UN military observers hostage.

Ellsberg, Daniel "Present danger." The Nation v. 251 (Nov. 26 '90) p. 632

KEY WORDS: War and emergency powers.Kuwait--Iraqi invasion, 1990-1991--American intervention.

ABSTRACT: Congress should take action to prevent a war in the Persian Gulf by calling hearings to discuss what the possible consequences would be if fighting were to break out. The period of greatest risk for war is just beginning because the elections are over, Congress is out of session, and the military buildup in the region is nearing completion. One of the goals of such hearings should be estimate the number of casualties that would result from a U.S.-initiated strike against Iraq. In addition, it is necessary to find out what effect Israeli intervention would have on alliances and peacekeeping efforts, how likely popular uprisings against Arab or Muslim regimes aligned with the United States are, and what the possible economic effects of Iraqi retaliation against regional oil production would be.

Elnadi, Bahgat.; Rifaat, Adel. "Month by month." UNESCO Courier Nov 1995, n11, p. 5

ABSTRACT: UNESCO's constitution was ratified on Nov 16, 1945. The mission of the organization was to construct the defenses of peace so as to make war redundant.

Ember, Carol R.; Ember, Melvin. "Resource Unpredictability, Mistrust, and War." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1992, v36n2, p. 242-262

ABSTRACT: The results of a cross-cultural study suggest that war may be caused mostly by a fear of nature and a partially resultant fear of others. People, especially those in non-state societies, may try to protect themselves against future disasters by engaging in war to take resources from enemies.

Ember, Carol R.; Ember, Melvin. "War, socialization, and interpersonal violence : A cross-cultural study." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1994, v38n4, p. 621-646

ABSTRACT: A study examines why some societies have more interpersonal violence than others. The theory of violence suggests that war is the major cause of more homicide/assault. The results, however, suggest that the effect of war is mostly indirect by motivating parents to socialize for aggression.

Ember, Lois. "Iraq Submits Chemical Weapons Report to UN." Chemical & Engineering News Apr 29, 1991, v69n17, p. 5-6

ABSTRACT: Key features of the UN cease-fire resolution relating to Iraq's weapons of mass destruction were played out in Apr 1991. Iraq filed two letters describing its chemical, missile and nuclear programs, and Swedish diplomat Rolf Ekeus was named to head the commission in charge of monitoring the weapons.

Endrst, Elsa B. "UN Stamps : Messengers of Peace." UN Chronicle Mar 1992, v29n1, p. 92-93

ABSTRACT: The celebration of the 40th anniversary of the UN Postal Administration (UNPA) is discussed, and the UNPA is profiled. Because UN stamps artistically portray the worldwide work of the UN, the goals of the UNPA go far beyond the boundaries of ordinary philately.

Endrst, Elsa B. "Asking the UN about the UN : A myriad of questions." UN Chronicle Sep 1995, v32n3, p. 76-77

ABSTRACT: The UN receives daily telephone calls and letters dealing with a myriad of questions and requests for information, ranging from world issues to somewhat offbeat suggestions. Peacekeeping queries ranked at the top.

Endrst, Elsa B. "UN Stamps : Messengers of Peace." UN Chronicle Mar 1990, v27n1, p. 94-95

ABSTRACT: UN postage stamps have been called messengers of peace. The stamps reflect various international themes--human rights, population, environment and development--and issues.

Engelberg, Stephen "U.S. envoy meets clan leader's kin in Somali capital." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 11 '93) p. A1+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Casualties.

ABSTRACT: On October 10, U.S. envoy to Somalia Robert B. Oakley met with members of the clan led by Mohammed Farah Aidid, the faction leader blamed for the killing of U.S. and other United Nations peacekeepers. Clinton Administration officials insist that the U.S. will not engage in direct talks with Aidid, but they have endorsed the creation of an African commission to investigate the deaths of the peacekeeping troops.

Engelberg, Stephen "U.S. envoy meets clan leader's kin in Somali capital." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 11 '93) p. A1+

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Casualties.

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Aidid, Mohammed Farah.Oakley, Robert B.

Erev, Ido.; Rapoport, Amnon. "Provision of step-level public goods : The sequential contribution mechanism." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1990, v34n3, p. 401-425

ABSTRACT: Results of a study showed that the simultaneous protocol of play, where decisions are made privately, is significantly less effective in solving the dilemma than the sequential protocol.

Erlanger, Steven. "U.S. peacekeeping policy debate angers Russians." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Aug. 29 '93) p. 3 (Sec 1)

KEY WORDS: United States--Foreign relations--Russia (Republic).Russia (Republic)--Foreign relations--United States.Russia (Republic)--Foreign relations--Commonwealth of Independent States.Commonwealth of Independent States--Foreign relations--Russia (Republic).

ABSTRACT: On Sunday, President Clinton is expected to approve a Presidential directive that will set out the United States' policy toward peacekeeping in the former Soviet Union. Advance reports of the directive have angered Russians who are opposed to President Boris N. Yeltsin.

Ertel, Danny. "How to design a conflict management procedure that fits your dispute." Sloan Management Review v. 32 (Summer '91) p. 29-42

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Conflict management.Alternative dispute resolution.

ABSTRACT: A methodology is proposed that would allow managers and their counsel to systematically consider categories of dispute or specific conflicts and to devise, refine, and implement appropriate procedures for dealing with them. An effective alternative conflict resolution process should clarify interests, build a good working relationship, generate good opinions, be perceived as legitimate, acknowledge the parties' procedural alternatives, improve communication, and lead to wise commitments. The proposed analysis should enable managers facing an escalating conflict to decide whether it is worthwhile to structure a custom dispute resolution process and to discuss the option clearly and systematically with legal counsel. It should better prepare managers to consider how to settle the dispute on its merits even if they have chosen not to negotiate the process, and it should prepare managers to negotiate with the other parties involved if they decide to do so.

Etcheson, Craig. "The "Peace" in Cambodia." Current History Dec 1992, v91n569, p. 413-417

ABSTRACT: The UN's effort to bring peace to Cambodia has so far failed miserably. The Khmer Rouge has escalated its military agression despite signing a peace agreement. Prospects of peace in Cambodia are discussed.

Eubanks, Paula. "CEOs help physicians cope with growing professional stress." Hospitals v. 66 (Aug. 20 '92) p. 40+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Hospitals--Physician relations.Hospital administrators.Stress (Psychology).

ABSTRACT: As stresses mount for physicians confronted by reimbursement, regulatory, and medical practice changes, hospital executives are finding that it is in their interest to establish closer relationships with doctors and to actively help them cope. At Chicago's Northwestern Memorial Hospital, for example, new physician leaders are given a short course that addresses financial management in health care, conflict resolution and negotiation, the future of health care, and organizational and management principles. In addition, physicians and administrators meet quarterly to hear speakers who update and elaborate on current trends and challenges. Other hospitals follow less formal programs or simply establish one-on-one relationships with physicians. Pitfalls of such an approach and the limits to the supports administrators can extend to physicians are discussed.

Evans, Richard. "Reforming the union." Geographical Feb 1993, v65n2, p. 24-27

ABSTRACT: The UN has long suffered from a lack of credibility, mostly due to Cold War competition. The UN must undergo fundamental reforms if it is to live up to the expectations placed on it in the post-Cold War era.

Evans, Gareth. "Peacekeeping in Cambodia : Lessons learned." NATO Review Aug 1994, v42n4, p. 24-27

ABSTRACT: The UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) is one of the few international peacekeeping missions of recent years that can be judged a success. Lessons learned in UNTAC operations can be applied to other situations.

Evans, Grant. "Traveller's tales." Far Eastern Economic Review Mar 25, 1993, v156n12, p. 38

ABSTRACT: The spectre of a Khmer Rouge return to power haunts Cambodia, even though the guerrilla force has refused to abide by the 1991 Paris peace agreement. The UN presence in Cambodia in anticipation of elections is discussed.

Evans, Richard. "Reforming the union." Geographical Feb 1993, v65n2, p. 24-27

Evans, Sybil. "Doing mediation to avoid litigation: a four-step process turns discord into reasoned, problem-solving discussion." HRMagazine v. 39 (Mar. '94) p. 48-51

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Alternative dispute resolution.

ABSTRACT: Mediation is the foundation for a company's in-house alternative dispute resolution (ADR) program. Mediation is a voluntary, nonbinding process whereby disputing parties reach agreement with the help of a neutral third party. The mediation process used in workplace disputes for the most part goes through four stages: introducing the process, getting information and defining the issues, creating understanding and looking for alternatives, and reaching agreement. Human resources and the legal department need to form an alliance to champion ADR programs. The American Arbitration Association and the Society for Professionals in Dispute Resolution are resources that can provide valuable information when creating a conflict resolution program.

Eyal, Jonathan. "From bad to worse to Bosnia." Spectator Jun 17, 1995, v274n8710, p. 10-11

ABSTRACT: The Western powers' efforts to end the conflict in Bosnia are doomed to fail whether troops are withdrawn or not. Today's Balkan war is much like the Albanian Question Benjamin Disraeli's government dealt with 120 years ago.

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Falk, Richard A. "The damaged U.S. image." The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists v. 45 (Jan./Feb. '89) p. 59-61

KEY WORDS: United Nations--United States.International law.United States--Foreign relations.

ABSTRACT: Part of a special issue on the Reagan administration's national security record. During the past eight years, the Reagan administration has defied international law and unleashed harsh attacks on the United Nations. As a result, the United States' reputation as a strong supporter of peace and justice in the world has been damaged. Under Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union has seized the initiative on global reform, advocating a stronger UN and concrete measures in international law and arms control. The next administration should take steps to move the country away from Reagan's embrace of unilateralism and toward a more law-oriented foreign policy. The United States should reaffirm its commitment to the UN, submit international legal disputes to the jurisdiction of the World Court, and make a concerted effort to strengthen UN peacekeeping forces. The U.S. government must learn to respect international law even when it conflicts with U.S. interests.

Falk, Richard A., Robert C. Johansen, Samuel S. Kim. The Constitutional foundations of world peace. Albany, N.Y. : State University of New York Press, c1993.

SUBJECTS:International organization.Constitutional law.

CONTENTS:Global constitutionalism and world order / Richard A. Falk, Robert C. Johansen, and Samuel S. Kim -- The pathways of global constitutionalism / Richard A. Falk -- Toward a new code of international conduct : war, peacekeeping, and global constitutionalism / Robert C. Johansen -- In search of global constitutionalism / Samuel S. Kim -- The constitutional element in international political economy / James H. Mittelman -- Ecological security in an interdependent world / Patricia M. Mische -- Grafting the past onto the future of the United Nations system / Toshiki Mogami -- United Nations : prince and citizen? / Marc Nerfin --IGOs, the UN, and international NGOs : the evolving ecology of the international system / Elise Boulding -- World order and the reconstitution of political life / R.B.J. Walker -- Constitutional thought versus value-based thought in world order studies / Friedrich Kratochwil.

A feminist perspective on world constitutional order / Betty Reardon -- Toward an ambiguous world order / Mary Catherine Bateson --Protecting local autonomy in a global constitutional order / Chadwick F. Alger -- Politics of social transformation : grassroots movements in India / D.L. Sheth -- Constitutionalism and foundational values : Philippine constitutional authoritarianism revisited / Lester Edwin J. Ruiz -- The role of constitutionalism in the transformation of Eastern European societies / Radmila Nakarada -- Human obligation and global accountability : from the impeachment of Warren Hastings to the legacy of Nurenberg / Ali A. Maxrui -- In quest of world peace : law and alternative security / Burns H. Weston.

Falk, Richard A., Robert C. Johansen, Samuel S. Kim. The Constitutional foundations of world peace. Albany, N.Y. : State University of New York Press, c1993.

SUBJECTS:International organization. Constitutional law.

Falk, Richard A. "Liberation from military logic." The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists v. 41 (Aug. '85) p. 136-9

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: International security.Nuclear warfare--Prevention.

ABSTRACT: PART OF A SPECIAL FORTIETH ANNIVERSARY ISSUE ON THE FIRST USE OF THE ATOMIC BOMB. The connection between the war and the state has brought the world into the deterrence trap, the only way in which the contradiction between the deadliness of war and the inevitability of a war system can be resolved. Although the use of the military to guarantee security has dominated international politics for hundreds of years, it was not employed by preindustrial communities. The military-state system can be overthrown, but not through the United Nations or arms control. The state itself must be transformed into an organization based on peace, economic well-being, human rights, and ecological balance. There are signs that this transformation is underway: holistic science and religion, increased ecological awareness, the refusal of small countries to accept nuclear domination, and the appeal to international law in cases of civil disobedience.

Falk, Richard A. "The United Nations after 40 years." The Nation v. 241 (Sept. 21 '85) p. 232-6

ABSTRACT: PART OF A SPECIAL SECTION ON THE UNITED NATIONS. The establishment of the United Nations was always regarded ambivalently by the U.S. government. It was viewed positively as long as it carried out U.S. wishes, although there was also an interest in promoting peace. An increase in anti-Western policies rankled even more in light of the disproportionate share of UN expenses that the United States has paid and the sometimes hypocritical stands for justice made by those who have tortured domestic opponents and ignored the poor. The UN has helped avert nuclear war for four decades and has also increased public awareness of world problems. If it is to have a bigger role in world politics, the East-West relationship must be improved. If tension between the superpowers can be reduced, the UN may eventually be able to work on the problems of the weak and disadvantaged.

Falk, Richard A. "The damaged U.S. image." The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists v. 45 (Jan./Feb. '89) p. 59-61

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--United States.International law.United States--Foreign relations.

Fearon, James D. "Signaling versus the balance of power and interests : An empirical test of a crisis bargaining model. "Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1994, v38n2, p. 236-269

ABSTRACT: An incomplete-information model of an international crisis was used to develop theories on the impact of observable dimensions of military power and national interest on threat making in crises.

Fedarko, Kevin. "Time to keep the promise." Time Oct 30, 1995, v146n18, p. 78-79

ABSTRACT: Pres Clinton plans to send 20,000 US peacekeeping troops to Bosnia. He has only begun to explain why, and many lawmakers believe the Administration's strategy is ill-conceived.

Fedarko, Kevin. "Bad blood and broken promises." Time Dec 26, 1994, v144n26, p. 121-122

ABSTRACT: Bosnian Serbs continue to harass UN peacekeepers, and the UN is not fighting back. Jimmy Carter has gone to Bosnia to engage in some freewheeling diplomacy.

Fedarko, Kevin.m "Bad blood and broken promises." Time Dec 26, 1994, v144n26, p. 121-122

ABSTRACT: Bosnian Serbs continue to harass UN peacekeepers, and the UN is not fighting back. Jimmy Carter has gone to Bosnia to engage in some freewheeling diplomacy.

Feldman, Shai. Confidence building and verification : prospects in the Middle East. Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press ; Jerusalem : The Jerusalem Post, 1994.

SUBJECTS:Arms control--Middle East.Arms control--Verification--Middle East.National security--Middle East.

CONTENTS: The new international security environment / Michael Sturmer -- The meaning of the security in the post-Cold War / Bo Huldt -- Conceptualizing and negotiating CBMs / Michael Krepon -- Negotiating CSCE / Lynn Hansen and Oleg Grinevsky -- CBMs in the maritime arena / Steven Miller -- Comments on naval arms control -- Bradford Dismukes -- The European experience with CBMs : operating a crisis prevention center / Heinz Vetschera -- CSCE and CBMs in Europe : lessons from Yugoslavia / Christoph Bertram -- Compliance with arms control agreements : what to look for / Gloria Duffy -- Workshop on on-site inspections / Don Stovall, Edwart Ifft and Doug Englund -- Satellite verification / Vipin Gupta -- Verification in the Middle East and Europe : lessons from past experience / Itshak Lederman -- Arms control and the Arabs' strategic environment / Ahmed Hashim -- Middle East regional arms control and security / Ahmed Abdel Halim -- Israel's security concerns : characteristics and implications / Ariel Levite-- Israel's changing environment : implications for arms control / Shai Feldman --CBMs in the Middle East : a conceptual framework / Emily Landau -- CBMs in the Israeli-Palestian-Jordanian security context / Jospeh Alpher -- The role and prospects for peacekeeping forces in the Middle East / William Durch -- US peacekeeping forces: feasibility and desirability / Dore Gold.

Felgengauer, Pavel. "Bosnia : Russia claims it averted NATO bombing."

ABSTRACT: The UN has ordered 400 Russian troops from Croatia into Bosnia, but Russia said the move is unacceptable. Russia's objections to the movement of the peacekeeping forces are discussed.

Felgengauer, Pavel. "Situation : Grachev and Perry play the outside positions in the partnership." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Nov 22, 1995, v47n43, p. 8

ABSTRACT: Pavel Grachev and William Perry have been discussing what Russia's role in the Bosnian peacekeeping mission will be. Russia will do everthing it can to prevent NATO generals from having command over Russian forces.

Felgengauer, Pavel. Moscow doesn't want to be a hostage to the Serbs."" Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Jun 21, 1995, v47n21, p. 8

ABSTRACT: In Feb 1994, a batallion of Russian paratroopers entered the Serbian part of Sarajevo to act as a guarantor that NATO planes would not bomb the Serbs' position again. It is clear now, however, that the Serbs gladly welcomed the Russian battalion because of the potential for them to be hostages.

Fenske, John. "The West and "the problem from hell"." Current History v. 92 (Nov. '93) p. 353-6

KEY WORDS: Western Europe--Foreign relations--Balkan Peninsula.Balkan Peninsula--Foreign relations--Western Europe.United States--Foreign relations--Balkan Peninsula.Balkan Peninsula--Foreign relations--United States.

ABSTRACT: Part of a special issue on Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The politics and principles associated with the war in the former Yugoslavia are leaving Western nations in a quandary. On one hand, public opinion in the West has been horrified at the military operations and barbarism directed at civilians. As a result, pressure is being applied to stop the fighting and provide aid to the victims. On the other hand, taking military measures to stop the fighting is not a popular option because the hills and mountains of Bosnia would present many obstacles to the rapid and successful taking of territory by American or European forces and would almost certainly lead to more Western casualties than from the war to liberate Kuwait, where the desert terrain was ideal for reconnaissance, tactics, and logistics. Western politicians, therefore, are reluctant to commit to a peacekeeping mission of unknown duration.

Ferencz, Benjamin B. "Improve the Security Council." International Journal on World Peace Sep 1994, v11n3, p. 21-23

ABSTRACT: Ferencz suggests that the key to making changes at the UN is an improved Security Council. UN reform initially requires a new and legally correct way of thinking about old problems, and the Security Council needs to be more democratic and representative of the interests of people everywhere.

Ferris, Frank D. "Labor relations: a conflict trap." Bureaucrat v. 20 (Spring '91) p. 47-51

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Conflict management.Collective bargaining--Government employees.

ABSTRACT: Title VII of the Civil Service Reform Act limits the resolving of disputes between labor and management in the federal government to the patterns of domination, neutralization, and compromise. All of these patterns stem from a pessimistic view of conflict. Those that practice domination, which calls for one party having virtually total control over the other, consider conflict as being a threat and lacking any redeeming value. Parties that undergo neutralization, whereby their powers are balanced so as to keep the dispute fair, assume that they are locked in a struggle in which neither can nor should gain an advantage. Those that reach a compromise realize that they must forgo something of value in return for a concession from the other party. A more optimistic approach to conflict resolution would seek to integrate the diverse needs and desires of management and labor into a mutually beneficial solution.

Filipovic, Zoran. "UN : Make or break--The eunuchs are flying." Index on Censorship Sep 1995, n24n5, p. 39-46

ABSTRACT: The UK was one of the countries responsible for transforming the UN forces in Bosnia-Hercegovina into pack mules for the transport of food. They peacefully observed numerous atrocities committed against innocent civilians.

Filipovic, Zoran. "Intervention unbound : With friends like these." Index on Censorship Nov 1994, v23n6, p. 37-40

ABSTRACT: Despite all the attention and concern they receive from the world press and the UN, Sarajevans are still suffering and still being what Filipovic calls "hunted" by the "Chetniks." Filipovic expresses his discontentment with the UN Protection Force, which insists on protecting the city's citizens while doing nothing to end the hunt and which forbids Sarajevans from making efforts to protect themselves.

Filippov, Viktor. "Defiant Vorkuta miners continue strike." Current Digest of the Soviet Press Dec 6, 1989, v41n45, p. 7

ABSTRACT: In an interview, Soviet mine director Afanasy Vasilyevich Prasolov says that workers in his mine voted not to strike. Prasolov advocates peaceful conflict resolution rather than workers' strikes.

Fine, James. "UN blocks relief for Iraq." The Christian Century v. 108 (Sept. 18-25 '91) p. 837-8

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Iraq.Petroleum industry--Iraq.Relief work--Iraq.

ABSTRACT: A writer who is on assignment for the American Friends Service Committee and Peace and Service, London, reports from Baghdad: Funds to meet Iraq's humanitarian needs are at the mercy of politics. A resolution approved on August 15 by the UN Security Council would permit the sale of up to $1.6 billion worth of embargoed Iraqi oil, from which revenues could buy urgently needed food and medicine and replacement parts to restore electricity, water, and sanitation systems. The resolution appears to address Iraq's humanitarian needs, but a closer look reveals that it does not. Before Iraq can sell oil, it must agree to reparations and take financial responsibility for UN inspection and dismantling of nuclear and chemical weapons facilities. The international community must give priority to humanitarian concerns and, with strict monitoring, allow Iraq to use existing commercial channels to purchase essential commodities.

Finkel, Lee M.; Kaminsky, Harry. "Teaching managers to mediate win-win solutions." Employment Relations Today v. 18 (Spring '91) p. 71-8

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Conflict management.

ABSTRACT: To be successful in the future, U.S. companies and institutions need managers who have learned to apply mediation skills to minimize or avoid wasting assets on internal sources of conflict. The mediator-manager views conflicts between coworkers, staff, clients, vendors, contractors, and others as part of the normal dynamics of organizational life and proactively implements measures for successful conflict resolution. Mediator-managers learn a process of dispute resolution by developing a mediation approach to conflict, developing communication skills, learning how to achieve consensus decision making, practicing negotiating skills that result in outcomes without losers, recognizing perception biases, developing strategies to break impasses, and taking part in realistic dispute situations. Mediator-managers increase satisfaction and compliance with agreements, decrease incidents of conflict, and increase productivity.

Finnegan, William. "No peace to keep." New Yorker Jun 12, 1995, v71n16, p. 9-10

ABSTRACT: The recent decision to expand the UN force in Bosnia was made for the purpose of protecting the UN troops already there, not Bosnian civilians. Finnegan discusses why the UN went into Bosnia and why it should leave.

Finnegan, William. "A world of dust." New Yorker Mar 20, 1995, v71n4, p. 64-77

ABSTRACT: Now that the UN has pulled out of Somalia, there is no government, no law and no formal education. Finnegan discusses the present wild-frontier Somalian economy in which anything can be had for a price and considers the country's future.

Finnegan, William. "No peace to keep." New Yorker Jun 12, 1995, v71n16, p. 9-10

Finsterbusch, Kurt "Nuclear issues in social research." Society v. 22 (Jan./Feb. '85) p. 2-3

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Social sciences--Periodicals.Press and nuclear energy.Social science research.

ABSTRACT: A University of Maryland professor has researched the incidence and nature of articles on nuclear issues appearing in sociological journals and other periodicals of professional interest to social scientists. The literature concentrates on surveys of public opinion and social movements formed to address the nuclear question. Discussion of civil defense procedures briefly occupies the literature around the year 1960. A breakdown on the number of articles per issue per periodical is listed. Among the magazines reviewed: American Sociological Review, the American Journal of Sociology, Social Forces, Social Problems, Public Opinion Quarterly, Public Opinion, Armed Forces and Society, Journal of Political and Military Sociology, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Society, Social Policy, Public Interest, and Dissent..

Firth, Jane. "A Proactive Approach to Conflict Resolution." Supervisory Management Nov 1991, v36n11, p. 3-4

ABSTRACT: A manager's objective in resolving conflicts should be creating an environment in which employees can find a common ground of agreement. Developing vision, goals, clear communication, leadership and education about the organization are strategies for successful conflict resolution.

Fischer, Dean.; Wilde, James. "Facing a no-win scenario." Time v. 136 (Nov. 5 '90) p. 41-2

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Kuwait--Iraqi invasion, 1990-1991--Jordanian intervention.

ABSTRACT: King Hussein's belief that both war and economic sanctions could destroy Jordan is causing him to desperately seek peace in the Persian Gulf. Hussein fears that Jordan, precariously situated between the borders of Iraq, Israel, and Saudi Arabia, would be obliterated in the cross fire of a war. A continuation of the present standoff would be almost as bad, however. According to government figures, Jordan is suffering from the United Nations-ordered embargo of Iraq, where 70 percent of its exports go. In an interview, Hussein discusses the dilemma that he faces, his belief in the chance for peace, his disagreement with the notion that a military strike by the United States could quickly end the crisis, the Palestinian problem, Saddam Hussein, his hope that the crisis will cause positive change, how Jordan is suffering from the invasion, and what he believes are the interests of the Arab people.

Fischer, Dean. "Clever are the peacekeepers." Time v. 131 (June 6 '88) p. 46

KEY WORDS: Muslims--Lebanon.Syria--Armed Forces--Forces in Lebanon.Lebanon--Politics and government.

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Assad, Hafez.

ABSTRACT: Syrian president Hafez Assad has expanded Syria's security role in Beirut beyond the city's western border, prompting some diplomats to suggest that prospects may improve for the release of foreign hostages there. Assad and a delegation from the Iranian-backed Hizballah agreed to a cease-fire in the Beirut suburbs that has been followed by the entry of Syrian peacekeeping troops. The Iranian acceptance of Syrian troops in Beirut may have been a show of gratitude for the support that Assad has lent Iran throughout its eight-year war with Iraq. Assad has also been working with the United States in recent months to develop an outline for constitutional reform in Lebanon.

Fisher, Luke. "Brutal allegations." Maclean's Mar 7, 1994, v107n10, p. 13-14

ABSTRACT: Canadian peacekeeper Elvin Kyle Brown is facing court martial for the torture and murder of Somali teenager Shidane Abukar Arone while on a peacekeeping mission for the UN. Five other soldiers and officers also face charges relating to Arone's death.

Fisher, Luke. "'We are soldiering on'." Maclean's v. 107 (Mar. 28 '94) p. 29

KEY WORDS: Canada--Armed Forces--Parachute troops.Canada--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: Part of a cover story on the killing of a Somali boy by Canadian peacekeeping soldiers in 1993 and the strains facing Canadian peacekeepers around the world. The members of the Canadian Airborne Regiment are the fittest, most aggressive, and most elite of Canada's soldiers, but their continued service has been jeopardized by the disturbing evidence that emerged during the court martial of Airborne Pte. Elvin Kyle Brown. Brown was a member of the Airborne unit in whose custody a Somali teenager was beaten to death in 1993. The incident has done grave damage to the Airborne's reputation, especially in light of evidence that senior officers knew well in advance of the Somalia mission about the serious disciplinary problems within the unit. The controversy has also prompted some defense analysts to ask whether the army still needs a paratrooper unit, and it could encourage the new Liberal government in Ottawa to scuttle the Airborne as a cost-cutting measure.

Flanagan, Robert J. "The economics of unions and collective bargaining." Industrial Relations v. 29 (Spring '90) p. 300-15

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Collective bargaining.Labor unions--Economic aspects.Industrial relations--Research.

ABSTRACT: Part of a special issue on the economics of human resource management. There have been two general branches of research into the economics of labor-management relations in the last decade. One has developed sharper factual profiles of union and nonunion employment settings, and the other has explored the nature of strategic behavior by the parties to collective bargaining. These two branches of research have implications for nonunion human resource managers. The impact of unions, strategic union avoidance behavior by management, strategic use of labor laws by unions and employers, labor conflict, and conflict resolution are discussed, and unexploited connections between research on union impact and research on strategic behavior are highlighted.

Fletcher, Meg. "Most employers ready to comply with ADA rules." Business Insurance v. 26 (July 13 '92) p. 3+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Americans with Disabilities Act.Handicapped--Employment.Discrimination in employment--Laws and regulations.

ABSTRACT: Most large employers are willing to hire the disabled and adjust their facilities and routines to the needs of the disabled to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). However, these employers are bothered by the vague wording in some parts of the act and federal officials' failure to clarify it. Some of these unclear issues are the definition of a qualified individual with a disability, how much an employer must do to help such an individual perform a job, and conflict resolution between the ADA and other federal and state laws bearing on workplace practices and activities. Some employers are also worried about increased workers' compensation and benefit costs if they hire disabled people, although this fear has not been borne out so far. Offsetting possible cost increases are likely reductions in wage-loss benefits and the possibility of recovering more from state "second injury funds," which were designed to encourage the hiring of disabled individuals.

Foell, Earl W. "Maestro of the five-power power lunch." World Monitor v. 4 (Aug. '91) p. 28-9

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations.--Secretary-General.

ABSTRACT: UN secretary-general Javier Perez de Cuellar began the diplomatic tradition of bringing together representatives of the five countries on the UN Security Council for meetings that have broad impacts on world events. Perez de Cuellar, who will be stepping down on January 1, 1992, after two five-year terms, gathered representatives from the United States, the Soviet Union, China, Britain, and France around a table in 1987. At the resulting luncheon, the five discussed methods of ending the Iran-Iraq War. This was the first time the countries had come together to coordinate the solution to an international problem. These five-power luncheons have since become a habit. The sometimes uneasy unanimity of the five provided an umbrella for the international endorsement of action against Iraq following its invasion of Kuwait; for the beginning of peace processes in El Salvador, Cambodia, and Angola; and for the continued monitoring of other global trouble spots.

Forbes, Malcolm S Jr. "Bloody dumb idea." Forbes Nov 6, 1995, v156n11, p. 23

ABSTRACT: Pres Clinton's proposal to put 25,000 US ground troops in Bosnia-Hercegovina as part of a peace settlement is murderously preposterous. It appears the US has not learned anything from its experience in Somalia.

Fouke, Carol. "Churches bring relief to devastated Liberia." The Christian Century v. 108 (Sept. 18-25 '91) p. 853-9

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Protestant churches--Liberia.Liberia--Civil War, 1990- --Moral and religious aspects.Liberia--Civil War, 1990- --Relief work.

ABSTRACT: The world has largely ignored the plight of the people of Liberia, where civil war has claimed nearly 50,000 lives, but Liberia's churches have undertaken relief and rehabilitation programs and are leading peacemaking and reconciliation efforts. They are coordinating their work through the Liberian Council of Churches, whose Relief Coordinating Committee has channeled relief goods sent by denominational and ecumenical partners in the United States and elsewhere to congregations, clinics, schools, and homes for orphaned and abandoned children. UN officials have credited the relief effort in Monrovia with averting a major catastrophe. Moreover, several denominations are sponsoring training events to address particular concerns; for example, the Episcopal Church wants to train counselors to help reduce prejudice, grief, trauma, and post-traumatic stress.

Fourney, Stephen. "Myanmar : A case of wilful blindness." Peacekeeping & International Relations Sep 1995, v24n5, p. 9-10

ABSTRACT: The political and social conditions of Myanmar are discussed. The country has been run by the repressive State Law and Order Restoration Council for eight years. During this time, the Coucil has amassed a long list of human rights violations, created a massive refugee problem and ignored the growing AIDS problem.

Francis, Samuel. "International tribunals lack legitimacy, delay peace." Insight Mar 29, 1993, v9n13, p. 21-22

ABSTRACT: The UN Security Council is hopeful that it will be able to try a number of Balkan leaders for war crimes. Such tribunals fly in the face of reason insofar as a nation's right to sovereignty and self-determination are concerned.

Francis, Samuel. "International tribunals lack legitimacy, delay peace. Insight Mar 29, 1993, v9n13, p. 21-22

Francisco, Ronald A. "The relationship between coercion and protest." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1995, v39n2, p. 263-282

ABSTRACT: Two forms of the predator-prey model are used to test competing hypotheses concerning the relationship between coercion and protest. This relationship is arguably the core of any theory of rebellion.

Franklin, Barbara. "Bosnia : The new Nuremberg." National Law Journal Sep 26, 1994, v17n4, p. A1, A24+

ABSTRACT: The UN must negotiate peace while it prosecutes those responsible for mass killings, rapes and tortures since 1991 in Bosnia-Hercegovina. Getting the pursuit of justice up and running has been a slow process, fraught with budgetary, staffing and political problems.

Fraser, Niall M.; Hipel, Keith W.; Jaworsky, John.; Zuljan, Ralph. "A conflict analysis of the Armenian-Azerbaijani dispute." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1990, v34n4, p. 652-677

ABSTRACT: Conflict analysis is seen as a useful tool to be applied to ethnic conflict research and is generally considered applicable to any conflict situation. A conflict analysis methodology is used to examined the Armenian-Azerbaiji conflict in the USSR.

Frazier, Gary L.; Rody, Raymond C. "The use of influence strategies in interfirm relationships in industrial product channels." Journal of Marketing v. 55 (Jan. '91) p. 52-69

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Marketing channels.Interorganizational relations.Market power.Marketing strategy.Industrial distributors--Suppliers.

ABSTRACT: A study sought to extend theory and empirical findings on interfirm influence strategies by focusing on their use in channel relationships between suppliers and distributors of industrial products. Research hypotheses were established, centering on the reciprocal use of coercive and noncoercive influence strategies by the supplier and the distributor in the channel dyad and on the interrelationships of these strategies with the interfirm power, latent conflict, and conflict resolution constructs. Questionnaires returned by a sample of 909 distributors from a national industrial distributors survey were used in testing the research hypotheses, which were essentially supported by the empirical results. The coercive and noncoercive strategies of both the supplier and the distributor were found to be positively and significantly related to the level of manifest conflict in the channel relationship.

Freedman, Lawrence. "Bosnia : Does peace support make any sense?" NATO Review Nov 1995, v43n6, p. 19-23

ABSTRACT: The mission of the UN Protection Force in Bosnia is examined. The UN could no longer rely on consent and impartiality once it was seen as a party to the conflict.

Freedman, Lawrence. "Bosnia : Does peace support make any sense?" NATO Review Nov 1995, v43n6, p. 19-23

ABSTRACT: The mission of the UN Protection Force in Bosnia is examined. The UN could no longer rely on consent and impartiality once it was seen as a party to the conflict.

Freedman, Lawrence. Military intervention in European conflicts. Oxford, UK ; Cambridge, MA : Blackwell Publishers, 1994.

SUBJECTS:Intervention (International law) Europe--Military policy.Europe--Foreign relations.

CONTENTS:Nervous bunnies--the international community and the Yugoslav war of dissolution / James Gow -- Appeasement, intervention and the future of Europe / Jane M. O. Sharp -- Military intervention : duty and prudence / Ken Booth -- Disengagement by stealth : the emerging gap between America's rhetoric and the reality of future European conflicts / Thomas Halverson -- The British debate about intervention in European conflicts / Philip Towle -- The debate in France over military intervention in Europe / Jolyon Howorth -- Military intervention for European security : the German debate / Harald Muller -- The Netherlands and military intervention / Jan Willem Honig -- Russian views on military intervention : benevolent peacekeeping, Monroe Doctrine or neo-imperialism? / Elaine Holoboff -- Security challenges in post-communist Europe / Paul Hirst.

French, Howard W. "Pessimism in Haiti: violence could swamp diplomacy." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 9 '93) p. 4

KEY WORDS: Terrorism--Haiti.Haiti--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: Many Haitians are pessimistic that there can be a peaceful return to democracy in their country. One reason for this doubt is the lack of faith in the peacekeeping forces intended to hold together the negotiated political settlement.

French, Howard W. "First foreign troops arrive under peace plan for Haiti." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 7 '93) p. A12

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Haiti.Haiti--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: Amid a climate of widespread violence, 26 American and 5 Canadian soldiers have arrived in Port-Au-Prince, Haiti. The soldiers will help begin the final push to carry out a United Nations accord calling for the return of exiled president Jean-Bertrand Aristide on October 30.

Friedrich, Otto "To the last man." Time v. 136 (Aug. 20 '90) p. 51-2

KEY WORDS: Economic assistance, American--Liberia.Liberia--Civil War, 1990- .

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Doe, Samuel Kanyon.

ABSTRACT: U.S. Marines encountered no opposition as they evacuated more than 160 American civilians from Liberia, which is being ravaged by a three-way civil war. The conflict between forces loyal to Liberian president Samuel Doe and those of two rival rebel leaders, Charles Taylor and Prince Johnson, stems from discord between the indigenous Gio and Krahn tribes. Doe's indifference to human rights and to his country's economic problems caused the U.S. government, which had given Doe's regime generous financial support during the early 1980s, to reduce its assistance after 1985, but that sign of displeasure had no visible effect. Five West African nations have decided to send a peacekeeping force into Liberia to impose a cease-fire and establish a provisional government, but Taylor, who commands the main rebel group, has vowed to resist any such intervention.

Friedman, Robert I. "Making way for the Messiah." The New York Review of Books v. 37 (Oct. 11 '90) p. 41-7

KEY WORDS: Ateret Cohanim (Organization)Messianism.Jerusalem--Religious institutions and affairs.

ABSTRACT: According to the fundamentalist supporters of Ateret Cohanim, a yeshiva started by Orthodox Jews in 1978 in the Muslim quarter of East Jerusalem's Old City, the Messiah will come only when Jews return to Israel, settle the land, and live their lives according to the rules of the Torah. The problem is that this messianic vision entails taking property away from any non-Jewish settlers, contradicting the city's peacekeeping policy of keeping the Muslim, Christian, Armenian, and Jewish quarters culturally separate. The settlement of Ateret Cohanim was only the first controversial event in the Jewish efforts to "redeem" East Jerusalem's Old City from its Christian and Muslim inhabitants. The most recent event occurred earlier this year when 150 Jewish settlers affiliated with Ateret Cohanim moved into a hospice owned by the Greek Orthodox Church and rechristened the site with a Hebrew name.

Friedman, Robert I. "Ceding the high ground." Harper's Apr 1995, v290n1739, p. 66-67

ABSTRACT: Some of the reasons why Israel and Syria both want US troops on the Golan Heights are noted. US monitors on top of Mount Hermon would share early-warning intelligence with the capitals of both Syria and Israel, an arrangement that Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Syrian leader Hafez al-Asad feel would protect the two sides more effectively than if either army held the high ground.

Friedman, Thomas L. "Clinton sending more troops to Somalia." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Oct. 7 '93) p. A1+

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.United Nations--United States.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- .United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.

ABSTRACT: According to White House officials, President Clinton has decided to order approximately 2,000 more U.S. troops to join the UN peacekeeping forces in Somalia in the hope of stabilizing the country. Clinton has reportedly set a deadline of about 6 months for the withdrawal of all U.S. forces.

Friesinger, Alison.; Gonzales, Ramona.; Logan, Claudia. "Parents in action." Parenting Sep 1995, v9n7, p. 132-134

ABSTRACT: For every educational challenge, there is a parent willing to take it on. Volunteer parents Brenda Harris, Mary McMullen-Light and Alex Jeyschune are profiled. Ten quick and painless ways to volunteer are listed. The process for setting up a conflict-resolution program is discussed.

Friedland, Ellen B. "Religious advance directives : Conflict and resolution." Trends in Health Care, Law & Ethics Spring 1994, v9n2, p. 50-52

ABSTRACT: Several religious organizations have produced end-of-life decisionmaking forms designed to allow their members to express their wishes in accordance with civil and religious law. The purpose of a religious advance directive, some of the interpretations of a religious advance directive that might be considered ambiguous and three ways in which these directives can avoid legal conflicts are examined.

Fruchtbaum, Harold. "Investigating the acts of desperate men." : UN Chronicle Jun 1994, v31n2, p. 74

ABSTRACT: Before there was a UN, there was an organization called the UN War Crimes Commission (UNWCC), which was created on Oct 20, 1943. The UNWCC elaborated such concepts as war crimes, crimes against humanity and crimes against peace. The investigations leading up to the war crimes trials held in Nuremberg Germany are discussed.

Fruchtbaum, Harold. "Chronicle Bookwatch : The Blue Helmets." UN Chronicle Dec 1990, v27n4, p. 72

ABSTRACT: Harold Fruchtbaum reviews "The Blue Helmets: A Review of United Nations Peace-keeping, Second edition," by UN Publications.

Fulghum, David A. "Specialty forces dominate planning." Aviation Week & Space Technology Dec 11, 1995, v143n24, p. 24-26

ABSTRACT: High technology should solve many problems in Bosnia, but the biggest challenges for the polyglot peacekeeping force may prove to be supply, logistics and greed. The technology being brought to Bosnia by the peacekeeping forces is discussed.

Fulghum, David A. "U.S. reconnaissance role looms large in Bosnia." U.S. reconnaissance role looms large in Bosnia.

ABSTRACT: The US is expected to use its aerial peacekeeping skills in Bosnia. Aerial reconnassiance will be used for resupplying and protecting the 60,000 troops being prepared for deployment into the region.

Fuller, Mary Lou. "Facts and Fictions about Stepfamilies." Education Digest Oct 1988, v54n2, p. 52-54

ABSTRACT: Findings of studies on stepfamilies are presented. While stepfamilies may have problems, their strengths include flexibility, multiple role models, experience in conflict resolution, happy parents, and extended families.

Fulton, E. Kaye. "'Less money, less defence'." Maclean's v. 104 (June 17 '91) p. 25

ABSTRACT: Part of a special section on the restructuring of the Canadian military. In an interview, Gen. John de Chastelain, chief of defense staff, comments on the severe financial constraints the military is facing and the possible wholesale restructuring of his command. He notes that even these changes will not alter the Canadian military's four essential goals--sovereignty, collective defense of such alliances as NATO and NORAD, international stability through peacekeeping operations, and arms control and disarmament. He states that the Canadian military's professionalism is unquestioned, but he warns that because this professionalism comes from being trained for war, Canadian forces must be combat-capable, which entails modern equipment. He also notes that although the cuts in the military are economically necessary, he wishes that the government would realize that the military cannot be expected to fulfill all the obligations that it does today on a reduced budget.

Fulton, E. Kaye. "A two-front campaign." Maclean's v. 104 (Feb. 25 '91) p. 26-7

KEY WORDS: Persian Gulf War, 1991--Canadian participation.

ABSTRACT: Part of a cover story on the Persian Gulf War. The Canadian government has recently pursued both an early end to the war through coalition military action and a plan for postwar peace. Four days after Prime Minister Brian Mulroney unveiled his government's proposal for a postwar peacekeeping operation in the Gulf that would include Canadian participation, Defence Minister William McKnight seemed prepared to increase Canada's role in the war effort. He said that Canadian CF-18 Hornet fighter jets might be reassigned to attack ground targets in Iraq and Kuwait if that would hasten the end of the war. According to Tory pollster Allan Gregg, president of Decima Research, the government's double-tracked approach has the support of most Canadians. Gregg cites a poll in which 67 percent of respondents generally supported Canada's presence in the Gulf while a majority also indicated that they would have preferred Canada to retain a traditional peacekeeping role.

Fulton, E Kaye. "The pawns of war." Maclean's Jun 26, 1995, v108n26, p. 14

ABSTRACT: Eleven Canadian peacekeepers continue to be held by Serbs in Bosnia. All reports say they have been treated very well and are allowed to make contact with the base camp.

Fulton, E Kaye. "Running on empty." Maclean's Jul 31, 1995, v108n31, p. 31

ABSTRACT: Thirteen Canadian peacekeepers abandoned their post in Bosnia after being trapped for three weeks. They were suffering from malnourishment and were ill. Other Canadian troops were not allowed to assist them because of a decision by the Bosnian government.

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Gaffney, Frank Jr.; Carpenter, Ted Galen. "Q : Is NATO's bombing in Bosnia worth the risk?" Insight on the News Oct 23, 1995, v11n40, p. 18-21

ABSTRACT: Carpenter and Gaffney offer their opinions on whether or not air strikes by NATO in Bosnia-Hercegovina will do anything toward ending that country's war. Gaffney argues that airpower has helped stop genocidal aggression, while Carpenter believes that air strikes will only shed more blood without shedding any new light on the situation.

Gan, Vitali.; Matyash, Vladimir. "Expanding the Scope of Good Relations." Soviet Life Mar 1991, n3, p. 14-15

ABSTRACT: In an interview, Soviet Foreign Minister Alexander Bessmertnykh characterizes the relationship between the USSR and the US as frank and stable. The world itself is moving toward the ability to solve its problems peacefully.

Garcia, Guy "Death of a president." Time v. 136 (Sept. 24 '90) p. 61

KEY WORDS: Liberia--Civil War, 1990- .

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Doe, Samuel Kanyon.

ABSTRACT: The death of President Samuel K. Doe has not brought an end to Liberia's civil war but has simply set the stage for a new struggle between rebel groups led by Prince Johnson and Charles Taylor. Doe was captured and killed by Johnson's forces after leaving his fortified presidential mansion to visit the headquarters of the five-nation peacekeeping force organized by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Johnson, a former member of Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia who broke away to form his own rebel group, declared himself president after capturing Doe, who is said to have died of blood loss during an interrogation. Johnson's force of several hundred soldiers, however, could soon be routed by Taylor's 10,000-member front. Meanwhile, ECOWAS is considering doubling its forces in Liberia and ordering its troops to take a more active role in enforcing the peace.

Gardels, Nathan. "From Mogadishu to Sarajevo." New Perspectives Quarterly Summer 1995, v12n3, p. 40-41

ABSTRACT: In an interview, Kofi Annan, UN Undersecretary for Peacekeeping Operations, discusses the operations in Somalia and Bosnia. The defensive pullback that happened in Somalia must be avoided in Bosnia.

Gardels, Nathan.; Conners, Leila. "At 50, does the UN resemble the League of Nations?" New Perspectives Quarterly Summer 1995, v12n3, p. 36-37

ABSTRACT: In an interview, UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali discusses how the US Congress's hostility to multilateralism affects peacekeeping operations and the concept of preventive diplomacy.

Gardels, Nathan. "From Mogadishu to Sarajevo." New Perspectives Quarterly Summer 1995, v12n3, p. 40-41

Garland, Susan B.; Galuszka, Peter.; Oster, Patrick. "Now, for Clinton's next European trick." Business Week (Jan. 24 '94) p. 59

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Clinton, Bill, Visit to Europe, 1994.

ABSTRACT: Although President Clinton's first trip to Europe was accounted a success, he may have to pay a price for many of the promises he made to please his audiences. The U.S. is now committed to keeping about 100,000 troops in Europe indefinitely, instead of the 50,000 to 75,000 previously expected. Clinton also committed U.S. units assigned to NATO to Europe-only peacekeeping missions, and he edged closer to entanglement in Bosnia by supporting Anglo-French calls to plan air strikes there.

Gaubatz, Kurt Taylor. "Election Cycles and War." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1991, v35n2, p. 212-244

ABSTRACT: It is argued that a discernible relationship exists between election cycles and the behavior of democratic states in international conflicts.

Gearing, Julian. "Afghanistan : No Consensus." Middle East May 1992, n211, p. 13-14

ABSTRACT: Afghanistan's Pres Najibullah has agreed to resign if an interim government can be found to take his place. Problems that the UN is facing in trying to find a suitable peace plan for everyone concerned are discussed.

Gedmin, Jeffrey. "The Secretary-Generalissimo." The American Spectator v. 26 (Nov. '93) p. 30-6

KEY WORDS: United Nations.--Secretary-General.United Nations--United States.United Nations--Armed Forces.

ABSTRACT: Bill Clinton seems content to let U.S. foreign policy be run by the U.N. secretary-general, Boutros Boutros-Ghali. Boutros-Ghali has an unprecedented mandate for multilateralism, and his record reveals no great sympathy for the West. He never speaks of democracy's victory in reference to the Cold War, but seems to condemn both sides by alluding to "discredited ideologies of the past." He seems to be a perfect fit for the Clinton administration's foreign policy team. He has quadrupled the number of U.N. forces in the field for peacekeeping operations and has proposed his own international police force that can be deployed at a moment's notice. His main agenda is to diminish the role of the United States in the world, under the guise of democratizing international relations. Boutros-Ghali's life and career in Egypt before his election to the U.N. in 1991 are discussed.

Geekie, Russell. "African outlook : United Nations tries hard line with Savimbi." Africa Report Sep 1993, v38n5, p. 8-9

ABSTRACT: Despite evidence to the contrary, Alioune Blondin Beye, the new UN secretary-general's special representative to Angola, feels that the derailed peace process can be put back on track, and he has experienced some early success. However, some of the fiercest battles the country has seen in three decades were waged in Aug 1993.

Geller, Daniel S. "Nuclear weapons, deterrence, and crisis escalation." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1990, v34n2, p. 291-231

ABSTRACT: It is assumed that nuclear weaponry provides a military and psychological advantage in conflict situations. Escalation patterns in interstate disputes among nations with both identical and different levels of weapons technology are analyzed.

Gergen, David. "Time for America to ante up." U.S. News & World Report v. 105 (Aug. 8 '88) p. 68

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Finance.United Nations--United States.

ABSTRACT: President Reagan should encourage Congress to pay the dues that the United States has been withholding from the United Nations. Earlier in his administration, Reagan supported a suspension of payments to the UN in response to the organization's anti-Americanism, ineffective peace-keeping efforts, and bloated bureaucracy. In the last two years, the UN has made a remarkable turnaround, however. It has completed a seven-year negotiation arranging for the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan and has begun mediation talks between foreign ministers from Iran and Iraq. Next month, Secretary-General Javier Perez de Cuellar will present a plan to settle a long-simmering dispute over the Western Sahara. Later in the month, he will renew negotiations over Cyprus. The United States now has a clear self-interest in promoting the UN.

Gergen, David. "A search for common ground." U.S. News & World Report v. 113 (Aug. 3 '92) p. 35

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United States--Foreign relations.United States--Economic policy.

ABSTRACT: Worries are growing about the nation's long term prospects, and many serious Americans are putting their differences aside in a search for common ground. A foreign-policy report written by a 21-member group assembled by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington, D.C., indicates several intellectual shifts on the future of American foreign policy. The report recommends that domestic renewal be the nation's highest priority; that the United States learn how to solve more problems through the United Nations and through greater economic cooperation with Europe and Japan; and that economic security take precedence over military security. This attempt to reach consensus in foreign affairs is matched by several efforts on the domestic side; foremost among them is the growing alliance between former Democratic senator Paul Tsongas and retiring Republican senator Warren Rudman, who will launch a bipartisan coalition to rebuild the U.S. economic base.

Gergen, David. "Apartheid's challenge." U.S. News & World Report v. 99 (Aug. 26 '85) p. 70

KEY WORDS: Apartheid.United States--Foreign relations--South Africa.

ABSTRACT: America must unite behind a new policy toward South Africa. "Constructive engagement" is no longer viable, given president P. W. Botha's remarks of August 15. America has no reason to feel guilty about the South African situation. More than one hundred U.S. firms operating in South Africa adhere to the Sullivan Principles involving desegregation. But the United States does have a moral responsibility to try and change South Africa's system of apartheid. America must also remain strong in the eyes of the international community. To that end, President Reagan and Congress should meet and agree on a new policy, of which sanctions should be a part. It should also be made clear to South Africa that should violence escalate, an international peacekeeping force will be sent to that country.

Ghosh, Amitav. "Holiday in Cambodia." The New Republic 208(June 28 '93) p. 21+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Khmer Rouge.United Nations--Cambodia.Vietnamese--Cambodia.Cambodia--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: The UN's ambitious Cambodia operation was not entirely successful, even though Cambodia's elections went off better than many predicted. In many respects, the peace process failed. Neither the State of Cambodia nor the Khmer Rouge have disarmed their forces, and the Khmer Rouge appears to have actually made use of the presence of the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) to expand the territory it controls. The election's victors, Prince Norodom Ranariddh and the FUNCINPEC party, can't rule effectively without massive military and financial aid as well as a continuing large-scale UN presence. The article discusses the expansion in the UN's peacekeeping efforts, UNTAC's efforts to investigate allegations about the presence of Vietnamese soldiers on Cambodian soil, and why the UN can't be expected to articulate a credible alternative to parochial and nationalistic patterns of politics.

Ghosh, Amitav. "Holiday in Cambodia." The New Republic 208(June 28 '93) p. 21+

KEY WORDS: Khmer Rouge.United Nations--Cambodia.Vietnamese--Cambodia.Cambodia--Politics and government.

Gibbs, David N. "Dag Hammarskjold, the United Nations, and the Congo crisis of 1960-1 : A reinterpretation." Journal of Modern African Studies Mar 1993, v31n1, p. 163-174

ABSTRACT: The crisis in the Congo in the early 1960s constituted the largest peace-keeping operation in the history of the UN, exceeded only by operations in the 1990s. The complex events of the Congo situation are examined.

Gibbs, David N. "Dag Hammarskjold, the United Nations, and the Congo crisis of 1960-1 : A reinterpretation." Journal of Modern African Studies Mar 1993, v31n1, p. 163-174

Gire, James T.; Carment, D W. "Dealing with disputes : The influence of individualism-collectivism." Journal of Social Psychology Feb 1993, v133n1, p. 81-95

ABSTRACT: Research concerned with the influence of the individualism-collectivism value dimension on procedural preferences for conflict resolution has suggested that harmony-enhancing procedures are more preferred in collectivist than in individualist societies. Individualistic and collective values need not form coherent syndromes that are in polar opposition.

Giuliano, Joseph D. "A peer education program to promote the use of conflict resolution skills among at-risk school age males." Public Health Reports Mar 1994, v109n2, p. 158-161

ABSTRACT: Violence is devastating the lives of children in the US' major cities. A program that focuses on violence prevention in school-age boys using creative educational techniques and community partnership is discussed.

Glassman, Edward. "Selling your ideas to management." Supervisory Management (New York, N.Y.) v. 36 (Oct. '91) p. 9

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Business communication.Ideas in business.Organizational effectiveness.

ABSTRACT: Adapted from Creativity Handbook: Harvest Creative Thinking at Work. Employees who have difficulty selling a proposal to ma