Annotated Bibliograpy of Peace Operations Literature

MacFarquhar, Emily. " Cambodia starts over." U.S. News & World Report v. 111 (Nov. 25 '91) p. 43-4+

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Cambodia.Cambodia--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: The most extensive UN peacekeeping mission ever is set to take place in Cambodia. The signing of a political pact in Paris has formally put the country at peace for the first time in 20 years and has paved the way for the return of Prince Norodom Sihanouk, who was ousted in 1970. The determining factor for a lasting peace will be Sihanouk's ability to get his former enemies, the Khmer Rouge and members of the Vietnamese-backed government, to work together. The UN operation is charged with monitoring the cease-fire, helping repatriate and resettle some 350,000 refugees on the Thai border, assisting some 175,000 people displaced inside Cambodia, demobilizing 4 warring armies while blocking illegal arms imports, supervising organization of the country's first free elections, helping rebuild the country's infrastructure, and removing as many as 4 million land mines. There is widespread doubt that these goals are achievable or affordable.

MacFarquhar, Emily. "Even $2 Billion May not Buy Peace." US News & World Report Dec 21, 1992, v113n24, p. 68

ABSTRACT: The ambitious nature of the UN's peacekeeping effort in Cambodia and the failure of the effort to bring lasting peace to Cambodia are discussed. Civil war in the country is expected to resume when UN troops eventually leave.

MacFarquhar, Emily. "Fireworks on the Mekong River." US News & World Report Nov 23, 1992, v113n20, p. 18

ABSTRACT: Diplomatic action being conducted in order to preserve a peace plan in Cambodia is discussed. The UN is considering sanctions against Cambodia if free elections are not held in the near future.

MacFarquhar, Emily.; Kreiger, John. "The U.N.'s other quagmire." US News & World Report May 24, 1993, v114n20, p. 45-47

ABSTRACT: The UN has brokered a peace agreement and organized elections in Cambodia, ending 12 years of civil war, but it has not been able to disarm the Khmer Rouge or prevent other parties from terrorizing would-be voters.

MacFarquhar, Emily. "Cambodia starts over." U.S. News & World Report v. 111 (Nov. 25 '91) p. 43-4+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Cambodia.Cambodia--Politics and government.

MacInnis, John A.; Berkowitz, Bruce. "The rules of engagement for U.N. peacekeeping forces in former Yugoslavia : A response." Orbis Winter 1995, v39n1, p. 97-100

ABSTRACT: The rules of engagement (ROEs) employed by the UN Protection Force in the former Yugoslavia did not impede robust self-defense or the planning and execution of more aggressive action by higher-level commanders, MacInnis argues. Berkowitz responds that ROEs are based on bad policy.

MacKenzie, Lewis W. "Hard realities." Maclean's Jul 31, 1995, v108n31, p. 30

ABSTRACT: The current UN peacekeeping mission in Bosnia has become what military commanders call "mission creep." It has expanded beyond the realm of available resources. Many of the discussions on what to do in the area are without a solid political basis.

Mackenzie, Hilary. "The UN's only war." Maclean's v. 101 (Aug. 29 '88) p. 16

KEY WORDS: Korean War, 1950-1953--Canadian participation.

ABSTRACT: Part of a special section on Canada's participation in the UN peacekeeping mission in Iran and Iraq. Canada also responded to the UN's call for assistance during the Korean War, the only war fought under the UN flag, dispatching a total of 21,940 troops to South Korea between 1950 and the end of the war in 1953. Sixteen other countries heeded the UN's call for action against North Korean aggression, and the Canadians fought alongside British, Australian, New Zealand, and American troops. The Canadian naval destroyers Crusader, Athabaskan, Haida, and Sioux earned fame for destroying more supply trains by shelling than any other UN ships.

Mackenzie, Hilary. "Brokers for peace." Maclean's v. 103 (Oct. 15 '90) p. 44-5+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Persian Gulf region.United Nations.Kuwait--Iraqi invasion, 1990-1991--Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: The United Nations is finally starting to assume its intended role as the world's peace broker. Established in 1945, the organization soon became mired in cold war politics that restricted its effectiveness. In the last two and a half years, however, as relations between the United States and the Soviet Union have grown warmer, the UN's influence on world affairs has increased. In 1988, it helped negotiate the cease-fire in the Iran-Iraq war, and in 1989, it helped orchestrate the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan. The prospect of war in the Middle East has cemented its new authority. Since the August 2 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the UN Security Council has passed nine resolutions condemning the annexation and has sanctioned the international blockade of Iraq. According to UN ambassadors, the UN's ability to maintain unity among its members will be tested by its handling of environmental issues and the economic division between Third World and industrial nations.

Mackenzie, Hilary. "A voice of hope and moderation." Maclean's v. 100 (June 22 '87) p. 21

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Palestine Liberation Organization.Israel-Arab Wars, 1967- --Territorial questions.Jordan--Foreign relations--Middle East.

ABSTRACT: In an interview, Hassan bin Talal, the crown prince of Jordan, discusses the proposal made by Israeli foreign minister Shimon Peres and endorsed by Jordan's King Hussein to hold an international peace conference on the Middle East under the auspices of the United Nations Security Council; whether proposed peace talks are reasonable, in light of the division within the Israeli government; the possibility of including the Palestine Liberation Organization in the talks; the issue of the PLO's representativeness of all Palestinians; whether PLO leader Yasir Arafat would be able to recognize Israel in the talks; and Jordan's position in the Middle East situation.

Mackenzie, Hilary. "Stepping into the Fray." Maclean's Apr 20, 1992, v105n16, p. 18-20

ABSTRACT: Many times, Canadians are called upon to be part of UN peacekeeping forces throughout the world. Canadian troops are being used in Croatia to police the shaky ceasefire between rival factions. Canadians are taking part in other UN peacekeeping missions around the world, but the government says it will pull the troops if progress is not made.

Mackenzie, Hilary. "Brokers for Peace." Maclean's Oct 15, 1990, v103n42, p. 44-47

ABSTRACT: The Persian Gulf crisis is forging an unheard-of unity in the UN and between the US and the USSR. The growing ability of the UN to arbitrate global conflicts will be tested by how well it addresses the economic gap between rich and poor nations and its response to environmental issues.

MacLeod, Scott. "A very civil servant." Time v. 132 (Dec. 5 '88) p. 50-2

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces.Nobel prizes.

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Urquhart, Brian E.

ABSTRACT: In an interview, former UN under secretary-general for special political affairs Sir Brian Urquhart discusses his experiences over the course of his 41-year career as a senior UN official. Urquhart will travel to Oslo as part of the delegation that will receive the 1988 Nobel Peace Prize, which was awarded to the UN for its peacekeeping missions in Lebanon, Cyprus, Afghanistan, and other trouble spots.

MacLeod, Scott. "A very civil servant." Time v. 132 (Dec. 5 '88) p. 50-2

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces.Nobel prizes.

Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce. "Conflict and Conflict Management in the Western Sahara : Is the Endgame Near?" Middle East Journal Autumn 1991, v45n4, p. 594-607

ABSTRACT: In Jan 1992, a UN referendum will determine the future of the Western Sahara, the last remaining former colony in Africa whose political status has not been legitimized. Efforts to end the conflict in the region are discussed.

Majeski, Stephen J.; Fricks, Shane. "Conflict and cooperation in international relations." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1995, v39n4, p. 622-645

ABSTRACT: An experiment in which nation-states, represented as groups, can communicate is presented. Data indicate that most groups appear to be motivated by fear of the opponent, and communication appears to be a good mechanism for alleviating this fear.

Major, John. "Keeping the Peace." Vital Speeches of the Day Mar 1, 1992, v58n10, p. 294-295

ABSTRACT: The prime minister of the UK exhorts the UN Security Council and the leaders of the world to redouble their efforts in the cause of peace. Economic development and prosperity are needed to achieve lasting peace and stability.

Major, John. "50th anniversary of the United Nations - John Major." Vital Speeches of the Day Nov 15, 1995, v62n3, p. 69

ABSTRACT: The UK was present at the birth of the UN 50 years ago, and the country has stood by the organization and its responsibilities in the security council. The UK is the largest contributor of troops to UN peacekeeping operations.

Makovsky, David. "A turn for the worse." U.S. News & World Report v. 114 (Apr. 12 '93) p. 33-4

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Israel-Arab Wars, 1967- --Territorial questions.Palestinian Arabs.Middle East peace conferences, 1991- .

ABSTRACT: The magnitude and ferocity of the latest round of violence in Israel and the occupied territories are threatening any hopes of peace in the Middle East. In March, 13 Israelis and 25 Palestinians died. Attacks by Arabs are growing increasingly indiscriminate as militants from the PLO and Islamic fundamentalists from the Hamas organization attempt to outdo each other with more daring attacks. They are being joined by free-lance assailants who are fueled by private grievances. The attackers are also better armed than in the past. Israel, meanwhile, is responding with unusually harsh and angry measures. The violence has also eroded domestic support for the peacemaking policies of Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, helped to resuscitate the fortunes of Israel's right-wing politicians, and put Palestinian peace negotiators on the defensive with their own people. The article discusses renewed proposals for completely separating the Israeli and Palestinian populations.

Mahon, Mark. "The UN : Growing pains at fifty." Peacekeeping & International Relations Mar 1995, v24n2, p. 5-6

ABSTRACT: As it nears its 50th birthday, the UN faces an uncertain future and an increasingly unsupportive membership. The UN is suffering from growing pains.

Malik, Kenan. "Good and evil blur in Somalia." World Press Review Oct 1993, v40n10, p. 17-18

ABSTRACT: Certain images of war have a way of lodging permanently in the memory. A haunting image from the current conflict in Somalia in which UN peacekeeping forces are acting as warlords is discussed as are other atrocities committed by peace keeping forces.

Malik, Kenan. "Good and evil blur in Somalia." World Press Review Oct 1993, v40n10, p. 17-18

Manegold, C. S. "A bloody road to peace." Newsweek v. 113 (Apr. 17 '89) p. 37

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations Transition Assistance Group in Namibia.SWAPO.Namibia--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: The peace plan that would secure the independence of Namibia nearly came undone when guerrillas from the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) crossed the Angolan border into Namibia and came face-to-face with South African forces. As the attack occurred, United Nations officials in the Namibian capital of Windhoek were launching the independence plan that took ten years and the work of five countries to achieve. SWAPO officials insisted that their troops had already been in Namibia and were trying to find UN peacekeeping forces. SWAPO leader Sam Nujoma finally ordered his troops back into Angola, but his organization had suffered a major military setback and damaged its credibility. The UN was criticized for poor planning and its use of South African troops to repel the guerrillas.

Maniruzzaman, Talukder. "Arms transfers, military coups, and military rule in developing states." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1992, v36n4, p. 733-755

ABSTRACT: An examination of the impact of arms transfers on civil-military relations in developing states is presented. According to the results, arms transfer facilitates the occurrence of coup d'etat and lengthens the period of military rule. It is also suggested that large-scale deaths from political violence might be the result rather than the cause of military rule.

Manning, Steve. "Keeping the peace." Scholastic Update (Teachers' edition) v. 121 (Mar. 24 '89) p. 6-7

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces.

ABSTRACT: Part of an issue on world peace. The United Nations is experiencing a renaissance after decades of being dismissed as irrelevant to the world's problems. Once heralded as a "super-government" that would end all conflict between nations, the 40-year-old organization was plagued by U.S.-Soviet tensions during the 1950s and 1960s and dominated by Third World countries during the 1970s. Now the UN is helping to end the long-running conflicts in Afghanistan, the Persian Gulf, southwestern Africa, the western Sahara, Cyprus, and Cambodia, and its peacekeeping operations won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1988. Experts attribute the UN's resurgence to the improvement in U.S.-Soviet relations and the readiness of many combatants to stop fighting. They caution, however, that the UN's future is hard to predict because its fortunes depend on the international climate. A sidebar provides information on UN peacekeeping forces.

Manning, Steven. "Keeping the Peace." Scholastic Update (Teacher's Edition) Mar 24, 1989, v121n14, p. 6-7

ABSTRACT: The United Nations, long called irrelevant and ineffective, won the Nobel Peace Prize for 1988 because of its peace-keeping efforts around the world. The areas of the world where UN forces are at work are listed.

Mansfield, Edward D. "The concentration of capabilities and the onset of war." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1992, v36n1, p. 3-24

ABSTRACT: No consensus has been produced on what relationship, if any, exists between the concentration of capabilities and the onset of war. Results indicate that concentration is related to the frequency of war.

Maoz, Zeev.; Abdolali, Nasrin. "Regime types and international conflict, 1816-1976." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1989, v33n1, p. 3-35

ABSTRACT: Previous findings on the relations between regime type, conflict involvement measures and units of analysis are examined during 1816-1976. Empirical analyses reveal that there are no relations between regime type and conflict involvement measures when the unity of analysis is the individual polity.

Marcum, John A. "Africa: a continent adrift." Foreign Affairs v. 68 Special Issue (<'89>) p. 159-79

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United States--Foreign relations--Southern Africa.Africa--Politics and government.United States--Foreign relations--Africa.

ABSTRACT: Although the 1980s have been a period of economic, environmental, and social decline throughout Africa, the United States has focused on a narrow field of continental concerns, primarily the perceived threat of Soviet expansion in Angola, Mozambique, and Ethiopia and the issue of apartheid in South Africa. American policymakers should continue to address the specific challenges of southern Africa, but they should also develop initiatives to assist the continent as a whole. To this end, the United States should encourage the Soviet Union and other nations to cease arm sales to self-destructing African societies like Ethiopia, Sudan, Sahara, and Angola and help promote conflict resolution and economic reconstruction. Policymakers should also build on international consensus, as in the case of Angola, to rechannel African energies in self-sustaining ways.

Marcus, Leonard J.; Dorn, Barry C. "More conflict means more need for resolution skills." American Medical News Dec 13, 1993, v36n46, p. 27-28

ABSTRACT: A major source of conflict in the current healthcare system is the emergence and growth of managed care. Typical scenarios illustrating problems in managed care are described, and tips for effectively dealing with such conflicts, such as negotiation, conflict resolution and problem solving, are offered.

Marinoff, Louis. "Maximizing expected utilities in the prisoner's dilemma." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1992, v36n1, p. 183-216

ABSTRACT: The results are presented of a computer experiment with iterated prisoner's dilemmas conducted as an interactive tournament of competing strategies and families of strategies. The strategy that maximizes expected utility with the most cooperative initial weighting is found to be the most robust in the interactive environment.

Mark, Ken. "The Blue Berets." Canada & the World Sep 1988, v54n1, p. 21-23

ABSTRACT: Canadian forces, more than those of any other country, have donned the blue beret of the United Nations peacekeeper.

Marks, Jane. '"There's got to be a better way".' Parents v. 62 (Sept. '87) p. 106-8+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Conflict resolution.Parent-child relationship.

ABSTRACT: Parents can use the five-step problem-solving technique that is often employed in family therapy to resolve conflicts with their children. The technique involves identifying the problem, communicating about it, generating options, selecting a solution that meets everyone's needs, and firming up the agreement. For minor issues, such as who chooses a TV program or who gets to sit in the front seat of the car, standard trade-offs are more appropriate.

Marks, John. "Germany conquers the cringe factor." US News & World Report Mar 20, 1995, v118n11, p. 50-51

ABSTRACT: Germany is looking to play a larger role in international missions, and it is presently staking its future in such matters on an effort to establish democratic rule in the Bosnian city of Mostar. A German, Hans Koschnik, is running Mostar at the request of the warring factions there.

Marks, Jane. '"There's Got to Be a Better Way".' Parents Sep 1987, v62n9, p. 106-114

ABSTRACT: Five steps of conflict resolution are discussed. Creative conflict solving involves the identification of everyone's individual needs and finding a solution that meets all those needs.

Marlowe, Lara. "Agony in Beirut." Maclean's v. 102 (Dec. 4 '89) p. 26-7

KEY WORDS: Lebanon--Politics and government.

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Moawad, Rene Assassination.

ABSTRACT: Only 17 days after being elected president of war-torn Lebanon, Rene Moawad has been assassinated by a massive bomb that also killed at least 23 other people. A Maronite Christian, Moawad had been advocating reconciliation with the Syrians and their Lebanese Muslim allies. This position was denounced by Lebanese Christian army general Michel Aoun, who remains determined to expel the 40,000 Syrian troops that are in Lebanon ostensibly as a peacekeeping force. No one claimed responsibility for the bombing, but the Syrians and many Lebanese suspect Aoun. Iraq, which supports Aoun, blamed Syria and Iran, while other Arab world members blamed the Israelis, who have controlled a so-called security zone in southern Lebanon since 1978. Christian and Muslim parliament members have selected Maronite Christian Elias Hrawi, also a moderate, as Moawad's successor.

Marnika, Maurice. "The challenge for peacemaking in Africa : Conflict prevention and conflict resolution." Peacekeeping & International Relations Jul 1995, v24n4, p. 5

ABSTRACT: Ideas on conflict prevention and conflict resolution in Africa that were addressed at a regional conference are discussed. The causes of conflicts in Africa are both external and internal, and the primary challenge for peacemaking in Africa is building more tolerant societies.

Marnika, Maurice. "The changing balance of power in the Balkans." Peacekeeping & International Relations Sep 1995, v24n5, p. 3-4

ABSTRACT: The current political situation in Bosnia-Hercegovina is discussed. The military balance in the country has been altered, with the Bosnian Serbs losing territory and holding a much less secure position in the overall strategic picture.

Marnika, Maurice. "Peace in Liberia : Has the time finally arrived?" Peacekeeping & International Relations Sep 1995, v24n5, p. 5-6

ABSTRACT: There are signs that the six-year civil war in Liberia may be coming to an end. A new Council of State government has taken steps at reestablishing order in the country. Current peace negotiations are discussed.

Marnika, Maurice. "Report of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations." Peacekeeping & International Relations Sep 1995, v24n5, p. 7-8

ABSTRACT: A summary of the report "Comprehensive Review of the Whole Question of Peace-keeping Operations in All Their Aspects" by the UN's Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations is presented. The report contains proposals, recommendations and conclusions on how international peacekeeping operations under the auspices of the UN can be improved.

Marnika, Maurice. "Report on the ASEAN Regional Forum on peacekeeping." Peacekeeping & International Relations May 1995, v24n3, p. 19

ABSTRACT: On Mar 7-9, 1995, a seminar called "Peacekeeping: Challenges and Opportunities for the ASEAN Regional Forum" was held in Bandar Sari Begawan in Brunei Darussalam. Options to strengthen the capacities of the UN in peacekeeping operations were discussed.

Marnika, Maurice. "Rwanda and UNAMIR--The backlash to ethnic slaughter." Peacekeeping & International Relations Jul 1995, v24n4, p. 14

ABSTRACT: The UN Security Council's decision to scale down the UN peacekeeeping mission in Rwanda (UNAMIR) is discussed. From the war's beginnings, the UNAMIR force was too small and was dispatched too late to end the genocide there.

Marnika, Maurice. "The unending predicament in former Yugoslavia." Peacekeeping & International Relations May 1995, v24n3, p. 8

ABSTRACT: The seemingly unending futility of efforts to bring about a peaceful solution to the crisis in the former Yugoslavia has been illustrated by events in the last several weeks. It seems more and more likely that NATO will play an expanded role in Bosnia-Hercegovina.

Marnika, Maurice. "The United Nations in Bosnia-Herzegovina : The beginning of the end?" Peacekeeping & International Relations Jul 1995, v24n4, p. 6

ABSTRACT: Fundamental questions surrounding the deployment of the UN Rapid Reaction Force (RRF) in Bosnia-Herzegovina are discussed. A lasting UN presence in the region is uncertain, especially since the conflict is expected to continue indefinitely.

Marnika, Maurice. "United Nations update." Peacekeeping & International Relations May 1995, v24n3, p. 4

ABSTRACT: A key resolution pertaining to the improvement on the direction and financing of peacekeeping operations was adopted by the 49th session of the UN General Assembly on Feb 9, 1995. The resolution put forth a series of recommendations including the enhancement of consultation and coordination mechanisms and the establishment of a more sound command and control structure.

Marnika, Maurice. "Some comments on the UN mandate in the former Yugoslavia." Peacekeeping & International Relations Sep 1993, v22n5, p. 9-10

ABSTRACT: The perceptible shortcomings of the UN mission on the ground in both the republics of Croatia (UNPROFOR I) and Bosnia-Hercegovina (UNPROFOR II) are examined. Little success has been achieved in either situation.

Marnika, Maurice. "The challenge for peacemaking in Africa : Conflict prevention and conflict resolution." Peacekeeping & International Relations Jul 1995, v24n4, p. 5

Marnika, Maurice. "Report of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations." Peacekeeping & International Relations Sep 1995, v24n5, p. 7-8

Marra, Robin F.; Ostrom, Charles W Jr.; Simon, Dennis M. "Foreign policy and presidential popularity : Creating windows of opportunity in the perpetual election." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1990, v34n4, p. 588-623

ABSTRACT: A model of public support for the president that draws on three possible explanations and partitions the presidentially relevant factors into domestic and foreign policy subsets is presented. Empirical analysis demonstrates that factors derived from all three explanations contribute to the prediction of public support.

Mars, Perry. "State intervention and ethnic conflict resolution." Comparative Politics Jan 1995, v27n2, p. 167-186

ABSTRACT: The role of the state in resolving conflicts between potentially hostile ethnic groups in Guyana and the English-speaking Caribbean is examined. It is argued that the relative autonomy of the typical third world state allows for flexible modes of intervention in various types of domestic conflict.

Mars, Perry. "Foreign influence, political conflicts and conflict resolution in the Caribbean." Journal of Peace Research Nov 1995, v32n4, p. 437-451

ABSTRACT: Mars discusses the interconnection between international factors and domestic political conflicts in the Third World context, with specific reference to Caribbean nations. Theories suggesting either no correlation or a direct linear linkage between international and domestic conflicts are criticized.

Marshall, Robert.; Janigan, Mary. "The People's Verdict." Maclean's Jul 1, 1991, v104n26, p. 10-76

ABSTRACT: Twelve Canadians of divergent views recently took part in an intensive weekend of conflict resolution and came up with a vision of national government for Canada. The 12 participants and three leaders are profiled and the document they produced is presented. The root of Canada's problem lies in the British North America Act, which created a state so ambiguous that it set off a constitutional power struggle that haunts Canada 124 years later.

Martenson, Jan. "The United Nations World Disarmament Campaign." The Courier (Unesco) v. 39 (Aug. '86) p. 25-6

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations.

ABSTRACT: The World Disarmament Campaign provides objective, factual, and balanced information on the issue of disarmament and international security and on that of disarmament and development. The campaign also gathers information. The international constituency that seeks disarmament uses the campaign to further its objectives. The campaign has reached hundreds of thousands of people throughout the world. A sidebar describes the University for Peace, a multidisciplinary academic institution located in Costa Rica.

Martin, Sandra L.; Cotten, Niki U.; Browne, Dorothy C.; Kurz, Brenda.; Robertson, Elizabeth. "Family violence and depressive symptomatology among incarcerated women." Journal of Family Violence Dec 1995, v10n4, p. 399-411

ABSTRACT: A study examined the potential association between witnessing parental violence as a child and later adult depressive symptomatology within a population of incarcerated women. Data indicate that increasing levels of physically violent conflict resolution strategies were associated with increasing levels of depressive symptomatology.

Martin, Michael J.; Schumm, Walter R.; Bugaighis, Margaret A.; Jurich, Anthony P.; Bollman, Stephen R. "Family Violence and Adolescents' Perceptions of Outcomes of Family Conflict." Journal of Marriage & the Family Feb 1987, v49n1, p. 165-171

ABSTRACT: A rural and urban sample of 181 families with at least one adolescent member was used to compare levels of verbal and physical violence within the family with an adolescent family member's attitudes toward key variables of family conflict and family satisfaction. Results suggest that nonviolent families are much more likely to report successful outcomes from conflict resolution than both types of violent families.

Martz, Larry. "From the editor." World Press Review Sep 1994, v41n9, p. 4

ABSTRACT: An editorial questions whether one country or the UN should intervene in other countries to prevent human suffering and death, especially when caused by atrocities. Previous interventions have not been very successful.

Martz, Larry. "'NATO's Waterloo'." World Press Review Feb 1995, v42n2, p. 15-16

ABSTRACT: The US has given in to its European allies, agreeing in effect that the Serbs had won the Bosnian civil war and would get more concessions to make peace. World editorial opinion suggests that the UN and NATO have failed in their efforts to halt the war.

Masland, Tom. "The pitfalls of peacekeeping." Newsweek Jul 26, 1993, v122n4, p. 32-33

ABSTRACT: It is said that the mismanagement of the peacekeeping effort in Mogadishu Somalia has been a team effort led by the UN. Somalia may signal a failure that raises the question of whether there is really a difference between "peace enforcement" and military occupation.

Masland, Tom. "The pitfalls of peacekeeping." Newsweek Jul 26, 1993, v122n4, p. 32-33

Massialas, Byron G. "Educating Students for Conflict Resolution and Democratic Decision Making." Social Studies Sep 1990, v81n5, p. 202-205

ABSTRACT: The gap between traditional democratic/ethical values and the acts of young people in the US is widening daily. What schools and teachers do in promoting democratic or anti-democratic behavior among students are examined.

Matson, Rosemary. "Nairobi--where the end is the beginning." The Humanist v. 45 (Nov./Dec. '85) p. 12-16

ABSTRACT: PART OF A SPECIAL SECTION ON THE UNITED NATIONS WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN. The writer describes her experiences at the United Nations Decade for Women Conference in Nairobi. Fourteen thousand women attended the nongovernmental Forum 85 that preceded the official conference. A Peace Tent provided a center for women with differing views to listen respectfully to one another. Bus tours and gatherings introduced visiting participants to the women of urban and rural Kenya. Bella Abzug led a session based on the responses of women members of parliament to the question "What if women ruled the world?" The writer and a Soviet woman led a workshop on the role of women's friendships in creating international peace. Although the conference marked the official end of the UN Decade for Women, the solidarity it created brings new prospects for women throughout the world.

Matsubara, Nozomu. "Conflict and limits of power." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1989, v33n1, p. 113-141

ABSTRACT: Theoretically, power has provided the coordinate system in which to view politics, with power and cooperation on extreme ends. Characteristics of power in international politics are formulated.

Maurer, John H. "The Anglo-German Naval Rivalry and Informal Arms Control, 1912-1914." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1992, v36n2, p. 284-308

ABSTRACT: The 1912-14 Anglo-German naval arms race is studied in order to evaluate current theories about the development of cooperation between the two states. The domestic, political, diplomatic and strategic factors that promoted mutual restraint in the battleship-building programs of the UK and Germany are discussed.

Maxime, S. "Blue helmets, black markets." World Press Review Oct 1993, v40n10, p. 17

ABSTRACT: The "blue-helmets" are members of the UN peace keeping forces who have taken up positions on the black-market front. Sadly, some governments are lining their pockets at the expense of the UN.

Mayfield, Jacqueline Rowley.; Bain, Trevor.; Mayfield, Milton Ray, Jr. "Learning about health care cost containment: the CWA-Bell South case." Labor Studies Journal v. 18 (Fall '93) p. 50-61

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: BellSouth Corporation--Collective bargaining.Communications Workers of America--Collective bargaining.Insurance, Health--Cost control.

ABSTRACT: The BellSouth Medical Assistance Plan, a cost containment program that resulted from negotiations between the Communication Workers of America and BellSouth, provides a model for health care cost containment in the communications industry. The program has achieved substantial cost savings, improved employee-management relations, and resulted in significant contributions to conflict resolution on an industry-wide level. The effectiveness of the program can be attributed to joint union/management commitment to cooperative problem solving, extensive and continuing consumer education, and an emphasis on both quality and efficiency of care.

Maynes, Charles William. "A cause worth fighting for." The Nation v. 241 (Sept. 21 '85) p. 236-8

ABSTRACT: PART OF A SPECIAL SECTION ON THE UNITED NATIONS. Growing opposition to the United Nations comes not from the general public but from the American foreign policy elite, which sees the UN as a haven for the Third World. Racism, the humiliating U.S. defeat in Vietnam, and the Palestinian impact on the progressive internationalist coalition play a role in this attitudinal change. The far right will probably succeed in its attempt to drive Americans away from the progressive ideas symbolized by the UN. Those who want to stem the tide must understand the UN's achievements and be more critical of its flaws. Although international cooperation has declined while bureaucracy has burgeoned, the UN has initiated the use of peacekeeping forces, condemned military annexation of territory, taught underdeveloped countries the basics of development and planning, and promoted a new norm for international accountability on human rights.

Mayor, Federico. "Tomorrow, Another Peace." UNESCO Courier May 1991, n5, p. 2

ABSTRACT: It is the hope of the founders of the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) that if all societies' ethical, philosophical and religious ideas circulate freely, perhaps one day war will be eradicated from the human mind.

Mayor, Federico. "Building a culture of peace." UNESCO Courier Jan 1995, n1, p. 34-35

ABSTRACT: Two global threats that are jeopardizing the world's future and require action by UNESCO are discussed. The first is the split between North and South, and the second is the threat that compromises peace between ethnic groups.

Mayor, Federico. "A new beginning." UNESCO Courier Nov 1995, n11, p. 6-7

ABSTRACT: Peace-keeping is at the very core of the UN mandate, but this means that the UN must take preventive action. Preventive actions attract neither recognition nor thanks.

M'Bow, Amadou-Mahtar. "Peace and human values." The Courier (Unesco) v. 38 (May '85) p. 4

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Unesco.Peace.

ABSTRACT: PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE COMMEMORATING THE END OF WORLD WAR II. Unesco's Director-General reflects on the organization's founding after World War II: Fueled by intolerance and prejudice, the Second World War attacked the cultural and spiritual values that sustain people. The remembrance of those who lost their lives to preserve civilizations and freedom must also include those who began reconstruction after the war by founding the United Nations and Unesco. Unesco's mission--to buttress world peace through education, science, and culture--is even more necessary today. Both the arms race and local wars with international ramifications pose the threat of mutual destruction despite the growth in worldwide communication and the potential for cooperation. On the fortieth anniversary of the end of World War II, Unesco remains dedicated to fostering a respect for the rights and achievements of all peoples as a means of preserving world peace.

M'Bow, Amadou-Mahtar. "The International Year of Peace." The Courier (Unesco) v. 39 (Jan. '86) p. 2

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: International Year of Peace, 1986.

ABSTRACT: During the International Year of Peace, it is especially important for intellectuals around the world to strive cooperatively for a greater understanding of global problems. After the Second World War, a conflict caused by the forces of ignorance and prejudice, UNESCO was founded to foster communication among all peoples. UNESCO has brought together scientists, educators, artists, and other intellectuals with the goal of creating a lasting peace. UNESCO and other United Nations organizations are responsible for many of humanity's advances toward universal respect and solidarity.

McAllister, J. F. O. "Pity the peacemakers." Time 141(June 28 '93) p. 46-8

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Armed Forces.

ABSTRACT: The UN has not had much success in its new role as world peacekeeper. It has broken its precedents and stretched its mandate to repair the ravages of war and internal breakdown, but it unfortunately lacks the money and men to do the job that has been set out. The job is a difficult one: The organization has been asked to patrol war zones, create governments out of feuding factions, and supply humanitarian relief even when UN members lack the political will to impose peace on belligerent parties. UN members must redefine the meaning of vital interests and undertake decisive action. The article discusses current UN involvements in Somalia, Bosnia, and Cambodia.

McAllister, J F O.; Purvis, Andrew. "Pity the peacemakers." Time Jun 28, 1993, v141n26, p. 46-48

ABSTRACT: The UN faces immense difficulty in places like Somalia and Bosnia, as it tries to make peace before the warring parties are ready. The dilemmas facing UN peacekeeping forces in Somalia, Bosnia and Cambodia are discussed.

McAllister, J F O.; Purvis, Andrew. "Pity the peacemakers." Time Jun 28, 1993, v141n26, p. 46-48

McAllister, J. F. O. "When to go, when to stay." Time v. 142 (Oct. 4 '93) p. 40-1

KEY WORDS: United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Somalia.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Peace and mediation.Bosnia and Hercegovina--Politics and government.United States--Armed Forces--Forces in Yugoslavia.

ABSTRACT: With murky conflicts like Somalia and Bosnia proliferating, the Clinton Administration is faced with redefining when the U.S. should intervene abroad and whether to do so alone, through the UN, or through permanent or ad hoc alliances. As the death toll of peacekeepers and civilians in Somalia rises and Mogadishu remains in chaos, American support for the mission has declined. According to a recent Time/CNN poll, only 43 percent of those surveyed approve of continued U.S. involvement there, while 46 percent disapprove. The growing opposition raises questions about whether the U.S. military is equipped, and whether the American people have the will, to assume the burden of peacekeeping. The article discusses the development of Clinton's policy on managing America's foreign obligations and the president's promise to deploy troops to help NATO police Bosnia.

McAllister, J F O. "Uncertain beacon." Time Nov 27, 1995, v146n22, p. 38-44

ABSTRACT: The conflict in Bosnia has proved that the world needs US leadership and that Americans do not care to provide it. The resolution of this dilemma by Pres Clinton and Congress is discussed.

McCaffrey, Stephen C. "Current Developments : The Forty-Third Session of the International Law Commission." American Journal of International Law Oct 1991, v85n4, p. 703-709

ABSTRACT: The 43rd session of the UN International Law Commission, which was held in Geneva Switzerland from Apr 29, 1991 to Jul 19, 1991, is described. The session's draft articles on jurisdictional immunities, international watercourses, draft code of crimes against the peace and security of mankind and other issues are discussed.

McCaffrey, Stephen C. "Current Developments : The Forty-Second Session of the International Law Commission." American Journal of International Law Oct 1990, v84n4, p. 930-943

ABSTRACT: At the 42nd session of the International Law Commission of the UN, held May 1, 1990-Jul 20, 1990, the establishment of an international criminal court was discussed and three articles of the Draft Code of Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind were adopted. They deal with terrorism, drug trafficking and polluting of international watercourses.

McCaffrey, Stephen C. "Current Developments : The Fortieth Session of the International Law Commission." American Journal of International Law Jan 1989, v83n1, p. 153-171

ABSTRACT: The International Law Commission of the UN held its 40th session in 1988. The Commission adopted six articles of the Draft Code of Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind and 14 articles on the law of non-navigational uses of international watercourses. The 20 articles are examined.

McCall, Brian P. "Interest arbitratrion and incentive to bargain." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1990, v34n1, p. 151-167

ABSTRACT: An asymmetric information model of final-offer arbitration is developed. If the union negotiator has superior information about the bargaining environment, then the union may find it best to require the negotiator to go to arbitration.

McCarthy, Abigail. "The war within." Commonweal v. 117 (July 13 '90) p. 408

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Wellesley College.Feminism.Commencement addresses.

ABSTRACT: The controversy over the choice of Barbara Bush as Wellesley's commencement speaker raised the question of what example or advice can be offered by a woman whose status and activities are the result of her marriage. Two strains of feminism were also highlighted: the struggle for rights and equality and the recognition of the caring, unpaid contributions that women have made to the world. A petition put forth by 150 members of Wellesley's senior class stated that the choice of Mrs. Bush contravened what they had been taught during their four years at Wellesley. Mrs. Bush invited Soviet First Lady Raisa Gorbachev to join her in speaking, and each addressed the controversy in her own way. Mrs. Bush emphasized compassion, the need for respecting differences among people, and the importance of love and friendship in addition to career dedication. Mrs. Gorbachev's speech focused on the longtime women's mission of peacemaking, humanism, mercy, and kindness.

McCarthy, Colman. "Needed : Teaching peace literacy by numbers." National Catholic Reporter Dec 25, 1992, v29n9, p. 14

ABSTRACT: The teaching of nonviolent conflict resolution and peacemaking is seen as radical in most schools. Unfortunately, the peace illiteracy that results from not having this teaching creates a land awash in violence. A federal office of peace education, if allowed to be innovative, could be decisive in turning the country away from the vise of violence that grips it.

McCleary, Rachel M.. Seeking justice : ethics and international affairs. Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press, 1992.

SUBJECTS:International relations--Moral and ethical aspects.

CONTENTS:"Just cause"? ; the 1989 U.S. invasion of Panama -- A fragile agreement : the 1972 Vietnamese peace negotiations -- Sharing a global commons : the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea -- Debt and sovereignty : the IMF and Nigeria, 1983-1986 -- Gatt fair trade practices : European Community enlargement and the United States -- Preserving the rain forest : Brazil and the "internalization" of Amazonia.

McCormick, Shawn H. "The lessons of intervention in Africa." Current History Apr 1995, v94n591, p. 162-166

ABSTRACT: Somalia, Rwanda and Mozambique have shown that the UN is an unwieldy, cumbersome and often inept bureaucracy lacking accountability. The lessons of the UN's interventions in Africa are discussed.

McDaniel, William C.; Sistrunk, Francis. "Management Dilemmas and Decisions : Impact of Framing and Anticipated Responses." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1991, v35n1, p. 21-42

ABSTRACT: The impact of decision framing and the anticipated behavior of others on chossing to cooperate in social dilemma problems is assessed. Findings raise questions concerning the extent of applicability of prospect theory to social dilemmas.

McDonald, Robert. "Guarding the line." Maclean's v. 102 (Mar. 27 '89) p. 24

KEY WORDS: United Nations--Armed Forces--Forces in Cyprus.

ABSTRACT: The 25th anniversary of the United Nations Forces in Cyprus (UNFICYP) passed without special ceremony. On March 14, 1964, the first UN contingent landed in Cyprus, forestalling a threatened Turkish invasion. The UN force was established after virtual civil war broke out between the country's Greek majority and Turkish minority less than four years after Cyprus gained independence from Britain. The peacekeeping force was intended to remain on the island just three months, but Greek and Turkish Cypriot leaders are still nowhere near a resolution of the conflict. The UN operation changed dramatically in 1974, when Turkey used a Greek coup against the Cyprus government as an excuse to invade the country and seize the northern third of the island for the Turkish Cypriots. As a result, the UNFICYP now monitors the cease-fire lines, with one of the toughest tasks going to the Canadian force patrolling the so-called Green Line that divides the capital, Nicosia.

McCurry, Michael. "Support for the war crimes tribunal for the former Yugoslavia." US Department of State Dispatch Jan 2, 1995, v6n1, p. 12

ABSTRACT: The creation of an international war crimes tribunal for the former Yugoslavia by the UNSC reaffirms a fundamental principle that binds civilized societies: Those who commit crimes of genocide and crimes against humanity must be held accountable for their actions. Otherwise, there can be no lasting peace in Bosnia.

McDermott, Anthony and Kjell Skjelsbaek. The multinational force in Beirut, 1982-1984. Miami : Florida International University Press, c1991.

SUBJECTS:United Nations--Armed Forces--Lebanon--Beirut. Multinational Force in Lebanon.

CONTENTS:Theory and practice. Multinational peacekeeping in the Middle East and the United Nations model / Richard W. Nelson -- What went wrong? / Nathan A. Pelcovits -- The demise of the MNF / Augustus Richard Norton -- The multinational force in Beirut / Richard W. Nelson -- UN authority and U.S. power / Ramesh Thakur -- The MNF players. The American peacekeeping role in Lebanon / Geoffrey Kemp -- The ambiguous role of France / Anthony McDermott and Kjell Skjelsbaek -- Italy's role in peacekeeping operations / Franco Angioni and Maurizio Cremasco -- Some lessons from British participation / J.A. Kenny and Peter Woolley -- Other interested parties. "If we take fire ... we're gonna return it" : how a peacekeeping force took sides / Robert Fisk -- A tragic experiment in the diplomacy of misunderstandings / Ghassan Tueni -- The relationship between the MNF and the Lebanese armed forces / Mounir Rohayem.

(cont.) Israeli expectations and conclusions / Ze'ev Schiff -- The Palestinians and the MNF / Helena Cobban -- The Shiites and the MNF / Augustus Richard Norton -- External interventions and internal wars in Lebanon, 1770-1982 / Marwan Buheiry -- A summary of the international workshop / John MacKinlay.

McDonald, Marci. "A hint of hope in the Gulf." Maclean's v. 103 (Dec. 10 '90) p. 28-30+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Persian Gulf region.Kuwait--Iraqi invasion, 1990-1991--American intervention.Kuwait--Iraqi invasion, 1990-1991--Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: Less than 24 hours after the UN Security Council voted to authorize the use of "all means necessary" against Iraq unless it withdraws from Kuwait by January 15, President George Bush announced that he would hold direct talks with Iraq to resolve the situation. Bush's announcement, which was the first hint of hope in the Persian Gulf crisis, represented a stunning reversal of his previous refusal to deal with Iraq directly. The president invited Iraq's foreign minister, Tariq Aziz, to Washington and said that he would send Secretary of State James Baker to Baghdad sometime between December 15 and the January 15 deadline. The president's sudden reversal appeared to be intended less for Iraq than for the growing concern in the United States over a potential war. In testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee, a number of former military commanders warned of the risks of a war and urged Bush to give economic sanctions more time to have an effect.

McDonald, Robert. "Cyprus : A peacekeeping paradigm." World Today Oct 1993, v49n10, p. 182-184

ABSTRACT: Minority and ethnic violence between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots is discussed, as are efforts by the UN to help the two sides reach a peace agreement. The UN has a lack of funds and a clear definition of what its role in Cyprus should be.

McDonald, Robert. "Cyprus : A peacekeeping paradigm." World Today Oct 1993, v49n10, p. 182-184

McDonald, Robert. "Guarding the Line : UN Troops Mark 25 Years on the Job." Maclean's Mar 27, 1989, v102n13, p. 24

ABSTRACT: Twenty five years ago 29 Canadians were in the vanguard of UN intervention which prevented Turkey from invading Cyprus. Today that force has increased many times over, but the situation remains the same. After a quarter century of fragile peace, the task of the UN force is as important as ever.

McDonald, Hamish.; Vatikiotis, Michael. "A Distant Light." Far Eastern Economic Review Mar 8, 1990, v147n10, p. 10-11

ABSTRACT: As a result of an Australian plan to involve the UN in the reconciliation process, recent talks between Cambodia's warring factions may lead to compromise. Peace negotiations involving Cambodia and Vietnam are discussed.

McFarland, William P. "Counselors Teaching Peaceful Conflict Resolution." Journal of Counseling & Development: JCD Sep 1992, v71n1, p. 18-21

ABSTRACT: The interpersonal conflict theory and the role of communication skills in conflict resolution are discussed. Counselors can teach persons to resolve interpersonal conflicts skillfully, effectively and peacefully.

McGinnis, Michael D. "Richardson, Rationality, and Restrictive Models of Arms Races." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1991, v35n3, p. 443-473

ABSTRACT: The argument is presented that the substantive complexities of arms rivalries can be implicitly addressed by simple rational models that are considerably less restrictive than the Richardson model.

McGregor, Alan. "Psychological cost of war." Lancet Apr 16, 1994, v343n8903, p. 968

ABSTRACT: "I Dream of Peace" is a collection of drawings and writings by children in schools and refugee camps in former Yugoslavia that is an indication of the cost of the psychological effects of war on children. The UNICEF publication and the agency's emergency program are discussed.

McLaughlin, Donal. "Design for peace : Origin of the UN emblem." UN Chronicle Sep 1995, v32n3, p. 20-21

ABSTRACT: In an excerpt from McLaughlin's memoirs, the origin of the familiar blue-and-white UN emblem is discussed. The UN emblem design became official on Dec 7, 1946.

Meacher, Michael. "Descent into Hell." New Statesman & Society Sep 25, 1992, v5n221, p. 41

ABSTRACT: The civil war in Somalia is discussed. A fragile ceasefire is in place, but without a more determined action by the UN, prospects for a lasting peace are minimal at best.

Mecham, Michael. "Administration cancels missile sale; Congress critical of Middle East policy." Aviation Week & Space Technology v. 126 (June 15 '87) p. 70-1

KEY WORDS: United States.--Navy--Forces in the Persian Gulf region.Guided missiles, Saudi Arabian.Guided missile industries--Export-import trade.United States--Commerce--Saudi Arabia.

ABSTRACT: In the face of bipartisan congressional opposition triggered by Saudi unwillingness to aid U.S. peacekeeping efforts in the Middle East, the Reagan administration has withdrawn its proposal to sell 1,600 Maverick radar-guided antitank missiles to Saudi Arabia. The administration's proposal to reflag 11 Kuwaiti oil tankers has also met with strong bipartisan criticism in Congress.

Mecham, Michael. "SAF fills new role with U.N. relief flights." Aviation Week & Space Technology v. 137 (Nov. 23 '92) p. 104-5

KEY WORDS: United Nations--United States.--Air Force.--Military Airlift Command--Armed forces.Airplanes in relief work.Airports--Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina).Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- .

ABSTRACT: The U.S. Air Force's airlift capacity continues to be a mainstay of UN peacekeeping operations in Yugoslavia and elsewhere. NATO, the Western European Union, and other security forces do not have the necessary political consensus to mount significant peacekeeping or military operations in the Balkans, but individual NATO members have provided peacekeeping and escort forces for UN operations in war-torn Bosnia-Herzegovina. The United States has not committed ground troops to the effort, but U.S. commanders expect to sustain airlift operations in the former Yugoslavia for the foreseeable future. U.S. airlift efforts in Sarajevo, the former Soviet Union, Somalia, and Angola are discussed.

Mehic, Dzenita. "We are dying of your protection". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Mar 1995, v51n2, p. 41-44

ABSTRACT: The UN has not been able to protect the citizens of Sarajevo, and they are literally dying of UN protection. Reasons the mission has not worked are examined. It has been suggested that the UN took sides by ignoring the differences between victims and aggressors.

Meisler, Stanley. United Nations : the first fifty years. New York : Atlantic Monthly Press, 1995.

SUBJECTS:United Nations--History. United Nations--Anniversaries, etc.

CONTENTS:1. The Beginnings: From Dumbarton Oaks to San Francisco -- 2. Trygve Lie and Iran: Off to a Bad Start -- 3. Ralph Bunche and the Infant State of Israel -- 4. The Korean War: No More Manchurias -- 5. Dag Hammarskjold -- 6. Suez: The Empires Strike Out -- 7. The Battles of Katanga and the Crash of Hammarskjold -- 8. Adlai Stevenson and the Cuban Missile Crisis: The U.N. as Theater -- 9. U Thant and the Quest for Peace in Vietnam -- 10. The Six-Day War -- 11. Kurt Waldheim: The Big Lie -- 12. Zionism Is Racism -- 13. UNESCO: Defenses of Peace in the Minds of Men -- 14. Javier Perez de Cuellar and the End of the Cold War -- 15. The Persian Gulf War -- 16. Boutros Boutros-Ghali -- 17. The Somalia Debacle -- 18. Alibi: The U.N. in Bosnia -- Epilogue: The Fiftieth Anniversary -- Appendix I. A U.N. Chronology -- Appendix II. U.N. Peacekeeping Missions (as of April 1995) -- Appendix III. The U.N. System.

ISBN0871136163

Meisler, Stanley. United Nations : the first fifty years. New York : Atlantic Monthly Press, 1995.

SUBJECTS:United Nations--History. United Nations--Anniversaries, etc.

Mendez, Ruben P. "Paying for peace and development." Foreign Policy Fall 1995, n100, p. 19-31

ABSTRACT: Viable alternative sources of UN financing that can yield substantial sums to supplement the current method of financing are examined. The foreign exchange market could be a rich source of UN finance through the creation of a Foreign Currency Exchange.

Mendlesohn, Farah. "Gender, power, and conflict resolution : "Subcommittee" by Zenna Henderson." Extrapolation Summer 1994, v35n2, p. 120-129

ABSTRACT: A critique of Zenna Henderson's short story "Subcommittee" is presented. The story uses gender stereotypes to explore aspects of power, communication and conflict resolution.

Menon, Bhaskar.; Sommer, Theo. "A dangerous time for peace-keepers." World Press Review Oct 1993, v40n10, p. 15-16

ABSTRACT: Generational changes in UN peace keeping operations are discussed. While questions arise about the UN's ability to relieve strife, a debate centers on just what its proper role should be.

Menon, Bhaskar.; Sommer, Theo. "A dangerous time for peace-keepers." World Press Review Oct 1993, v40n10, p. 15-16

Meri, Lennart. "Estonia, NATO and peacekeeping." NATO Review Apr 1994, v42n2, p. 7-10

ABSTRACT: Estonia's desire to more fully integrate with NATO to guarantee security on the Russian continent is discussed, focusing on Estonia's signing of the Partnership for Peace and relations with Russia. Estonia's primary objective is to eventually gain full membership in NATO.

Messing, Jeffrey K. "Mediation : An intervention strategy for counselors." Journal of Counseling & Development: JCD Sep 1993, v72n1, p. 67-72

ABSTRACT: Conflict resolution is a rapidly expanding field, one in which counselors need to be more knowledgeable. An overview of conflict resolution and mediation concepts is presented with a comparison to therapeutic counseling interventions.

Metz, Michael E.; Rosser, B R Simon.; Strapko, Nancy. "Differences in conflict-resolution styles among heterosexual, gay, and lesbian couples." Journal of Sex Research 1994, v31n4, p. 293-308

ABSTRACT: Metz et al examined whether different patterns of resolving relationship conflict distinguished heterosexual, gay, and lesbian couples. Results indicated that most couples across type of relationship reported a high degree of relationship satisfaction and moderately low levels of conflict.

Meyer, Gary. "Practice conflict resolution safely on a PC." HRMagazine v. 37 (Feb. '92) p. 30+

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Wisdom Simulators Inc.Computer simulation.Conflict management--Study and teaching.Computer-based training--Programs.Personnel management--Data processing--Programs.

ABSTRACT: Wisdom Simulators' new management development microcomputer program, Hold Your Fire ($495), enables personnel managers to simulate touchy, high-risk supervisor-subordinate confrontations on a personal computer. Each of the 10 scenarios on the system diskette begins with a brief outline of a dilemma; at every decision point, a choice of 5 different courses of action is presented. The program alerts the user if the wrong action is chosen and can provide an instant replay of the choices made to that point, with analysis and commentary on the appropriateness of each. The tool is suitable to a wide range of organizations. It is simple and instantly usable, has excellent and well-researched learning content, has an interesting presentation style, is reasonably priced, is portable, has outstanding job relevance, and holds significant potential to help a manager develop important people skills and avoid dangerous pitfalls.

Meyer, Karl E. "Almost forgotten on Veterans Day." New York Times (Late New York Edition) (Nov. 11 '93) p. A26

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: World War, 1914-1918--Peace.International relations--History.United States--Foreign relations--History.

ABSTRACT: Although he lost the peace, Woodrow Wilson, who was president during World War I, has prevailed as a prophet of hope and change. In a January 1917 speech, Wilson proposed a League of Peace to collectively check aggression. The League proved unable to keep peace after Wilson failed to win Senate approval for American participation; but in vital respects, Wilson was correct. Great colonial empires have vanished, and new countries are looking to the United Nations for protection.

Meyer, Richard. "Managing in Mogadishu." Financial World Mar 1, 1994, v163n5, p. 22-23

ABSTRACT: The UN mission in Somalia can't be called a failure, though it could have achieved more if the UN were more efficient. Some of the lessons the UN should learn from its experience in Somalia are discussed.

Michaels, Marguerite. "In the heart of darkness." Time v. 136 (Sept. 10 '90) p. 51-2

KEY WORDS: Liberia--Civil War, 1990- .

PERSONAL NAMES AS SUBJECT: Taylor, Charles McArthur.Doe, Samuel Kanyon.

ABSTRACT: In Liberia, a civil war has pitted the Gio tribe, which supports rebel leader Charles Taylor, against the Krahn, the tribe to which President Samuel Doe belongs. In the past eight months, troops led by Taylor have overrun most of Liberia, and only small pieces of the capital city of Monrovia remain in the control of Doe, who has ruled with an iron hand for the past decade. Although few soldiers or rebels have died in battle, thousands of civilians have been killed. In an effort to stop the bloodshed, five West African countries--Nigeria, Ghana, Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Gambia--have sent a peacekeeping force to Monrovia. Taylor has challenged the legitimacy of the peacekeepers and has refused to accept a cease-fire.

Michaels, Marguerite. "In the land of blood and tears." Time v. 136 (Oct. 29 '90) p. 62-3

KEY WORDS: Liberia--Civil War, 1990- .

ABSTRACT: The bloody civil war in Liberia, which has cost an estimated 10,000 lives since it began ten months ago, shows no sign of ending. Last December, rebel leader Charles Taylor launched a campaign to oust President Samuel K. Doe, and a separate rebel faction was later formed by Prince Johnson. Six weeks ago, Johnson's troops captured, tortured, and killed Doe, but the president's death has not stopped the violence, hunger, and general chaos in the country. Taylor's and Johnson's supporters are battling each other, while some 1,000 of the slain president's followers still control the executive mansion in Monrovia and are fighting on. Furthermore, a 6,000-man, five-nation West African peacekeeping force trying to stop the violence has instead become actively involved in the war. Even if the conflict were to come to an immediate halt, the country's recovery would take years.

Michener, H Andrew.; Salzer, Mark S.; Richardson, Greg D. "Extensions of value solutions in constant-sum non-sidepayment games." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1989, v33n3, p. 530-553

ABSTRACT: The results of a study on goodness-of-fit show that the lambda-transfer value and the lambda-transfer disruption value were about equally accurate in predicting the observed payoffs to players in constant-sum non-sidepayment games. Solution concepts for lambda-person cooperative games are discussed.

Midlarsky, Manus I. "The Origins of Democracy in an Agrarian Society : Land Inequality and Political Rights." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1992, v36n3, p. 454-477

ABSTRACT: Three models for the development of democracy in agrarian society during the 1973-87 period are examined. It is suggested that agricultural density is related to land inequality, which in turn leads to increased political rights in formerly tribal/hereditary polities.

Midlarsky, Manus I. "Environmental influences on democracy." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1995, v39n2, p. 224-262

ABSTRACT: Four ancient civilizations, Sumer, Mesoamerica, Crete and China, are examined for the existence of early democracy and its inhibition by the onset of widespread warfare. Rainfall and sea borders as two dimensions of minimized environmental threat are tested systematically in a multivariate analysis, along with two societal variables, land inequality and economic development.

Mieses, Stanley. "The peacemaker." New York v. 19 (Nov. 3 '86) p. 30

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Institute for Mediation and Conflict Resolution.

ABSTRACT: Laura Blackburne, president of the Institute for Mediation and Conflict Resolution (IMCR), is New York's top conflict mediator. The explosion of lawsuits and the increase in service industries have created plenty of conflicts that require the intervention of a peacemaker who can help adversaries reach some negotiated settlement of a common problem. Blackburne and other IMCR mediators use the "pyramid approach": Establish trust, clarify issues, explore options, build the agreement, and celebrate. She and the other negotiators at IMCR resolve more than 5,000 disputes each year.

Mihajlov, Mihajlo.; Straus, Ira. "A way out for Yugoslavia." The New Leader v. 74 (July 15-29 '91) p. 2, 8-10

KEY WORDS: Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- .Yugoslavia--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: Yugoslavia faces a choice not between disintegration and preservation but between fashioning a new federal system and becoming a European Lebanon. Although nationalist fighting has already begun, it is still possible to prevent the country's disintegration, provided the will exists to preserve the union. If Yugoslavia is to be brought back from the brink of disaster, four steps must be taken: an international peacekeeping force should be put in place to assure that any agreements reached will be adhered to; direct, multiparty federal elections should be held after a truce is arranged, so that a legitimate federal government can be assembled; the resulting federal government should participate in negotiations for a new federal constitution; and an effort should be made to form a Balkan confederation that includes Albania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, and, after it makes some democratic reforms, Romania.

Miljus, Robert C.; Moore, William M. "Economic reform and workplace conflict resolution in China." The Columbia Journal of World Business v. 25 (Winter '90) p. 49-58

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Management by contract.Industrial relations--China.China--Economic policy.

ABSTRACT: China's reform movement has not produced the economic and industrial outcomes that were expected. The new contract responsibility system has resulted in greater power being given to enterprise management, but workers now have diminished influence in the workplace and society. China has achieved material benefits far above those in most developing Third World nations, but these benefits remain low by Western standards, and the economic gap between China and its Pacific Rim neighbors is widening. China's continued growth is challenged by massive unemployment and underemployment, badly congested urban areas, pollution, shortage of critical energy resources, extensive corruption among Chinese Communist Party and government officials, and the need to upgrade the educational system and modernize the infrastructure. Major workplace and labor market changes, such as greater labor mobility, formal grievance procedures, and trade union reform, are called for.

Miller, James Grier. "Kenneth Ewart Boulding : Born January 18, 1910--Died March 18, 1993." Behavioral Science Apr 1994, v39n2, p. 89-92

ABSTRACT: Kenneth Ewart Boulding, former director of the Center for Research on Conflict Resolution at the University of Michigan, died on Mar 18, 1993. As a Quaker and as a scholar, Boulding worked throughout his life for the cause of peace.

Miller, Suzanne. "Middle-schoolers "do justice" by their classmates." Education Digest Nov 1993, v59n3, p. 13-16

ABSTRACT: School-based conflict resolution programs seek to show young people that they have many choices for dealing with conflict and to give them the skills to make those choices real in their own lives. One such program and suggestions for starting one are discussed.

Miller, Robert. Aid as peacemaker : Canadian development assistance and Third World conflict. Ottawa : Carleton University Press ; Don Mills, Ont. : Distributed by Oxford University Press Canada, 1992.

SUBJECTS:Economic assistance, Canadian--Developing countries. Human rights--Developing countries. Peace.

CONTENTS:Aid as peacemaker : Central America / David Close -- Canada, aid, and peacemaking in Southern Africa / Linda Freeman -- Principled intervention : Canadian aid, human rights, and the Sri Lankan conflict / David Gillies -- Canadian aid, social change, and political conflict in the Philippines : prospects for conflict resolution / David Wurfel -- CIDA as peacemaker : integration or overload? / Gerald J. Schmitz -- United Nations peacekeeping in a new era : implications for Canada / Gregory Wirick -- CUSO and liberation movements in Southern Africa : an appeal for solidarity / Christopher Neal ... <et al.> -- The International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development : a new approach to politics and democracy in developing countries? / Andres Perez -- Immunization and cease-fires / Robin Hay and Clyde Sanger -- Food for guns : when foreign aid helps to stop the fighting / Brian Hanington -- The Horn of Africa Project : modelling alternative conflict resolution / Ronald J.R. Mathies, Harold Miller and Menno Wiebe.

SUBJECTS:Economic assistance, Canadian--Developing countries. Human rights--Developing countries. Peace.

Minasyan, Liana. "Peacekeepers accused of disloyalty." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Apr 19, 1995, v47n12, p. 23-24

ABSTRACT: The Russian peacekeeping operation in Abkhazia Georgia is in trouble, and the 18-month-long discussions to settle the conflict there have reached an impasse.

Mintz, Alex.; Stevenson, Randolph T. "Defense expenditures, economic growth, and the "peace dividend"."Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1995, v39n2, p. 283-305

ABSTRACT: It is not known whether defense spending hinders or promotes economic growth. Results of a study show that military expenditures have a significant positive effect on growth in only about 10% of the cases.

Mintz, Alex. "The decision to attack Iraq : A noncompensatory theory of decision making." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1993, v37n4, p. 595-618

ABSTRACT: An attempt at explaining the decision to use force against Iraq is presented using a noncompensation theory of decision making. The noncompensatory theory suggests that decisions on the use of force are often based on the rejection of undesirable alternatives on the basis of one, or at most a few, criteria.

Mintz, Alex.; Geva, Nehemia. "Why don't democracies fight each other?" Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1993, v37n3, p. 484-503

ABSTRACT: The "democratic peace" phenomenon is evaluated in an experimental setting. Results of three experiments confirm democratic peace findings and suggest that democracies do not fight each other because their leaders have few political incentives to do so.

Mitchard, Jacquelyn. "Kids killing kids." TV Guide v. 42 (Apr. 23-29 '94) p. 22-3

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Youth and firearms.Conflict resolution in television.Television and youth.Violence.

ABSTRACT: CBS's hour-long special Kids Killing Kids offers solutions to teen violence. The show tells 4 stories that end in death or grievous injury; then, onscreen, the tape rewinds and each of the teen protagonists gets a chance to replay his destiny without a gun. The show is hosted by former Cosby Show star Malcolm-Jamal Warner and includes profiles of real-life teens who are working against gun violence in their communities. The Fox TV network made the unusual decision to air the special at the same time as CBS, and both shows will appear without commercials.

Mitchell, Jared. "An attack on civilians." Maclean's v. 98 (Mar. 18 '85) p. 29

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Iranian-Iraqi War, 1980-1988.

ABSTRACT: Last week's devastating attack on the Iraqi city of Basra by Iranian artillery is just one more battle in the increasingly costly four-and-half-year conflict between the two nations. That strike and an Iraqi offensive against an Iranian city on March 4, injured or killed 500, bringing the total number of war casualties to 250,000. The United Nations has been unable to maintain peace in the area, and an accord signed last June was broken with these most recent attacks. Both countries remain firm in their resolve to continue the fighting. Iraq began the war and now wants to see it end but claims that Iran's demands to oust its president, withdraw from Iranian territory, and pay $200 million in reparations, are unreasonable. The Iran-Iraq war looks as if it may continue for many years.

Mitterrand, Francois "The rule of law." Vital Speeches of the Day v. 57 (Oct. 15 '90) p. 4-8

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--France.United Nations.--General Assembly (45th session)Rule of law.Kuwait--Iraqi invasion, 1990-1991--French intervention.

ABSTRACT: In an address to the UN General Assembly in New York City, the president of the French Republic, Francois Mitterrand, states that the French policies on the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait are those of the United Nations. His instructions are to ensure the implementation of the resolutions of the Security Council, to contain aggression, and to serve peace without surrendering to violence. He says that France's approach implies dialogue between the parties concerned, an agreement with the neighboring states, and the indispensable international guarantee that the general assembly represents.

Mitterand, Francois. "The Rule of Law." Vital Speeches of the Day Oct 15, 1990, v57n1, p. 4-8

ABSTRACT: In an address to the UN General Assembly, the French president discusses the recent easing of East-West tensions, the urgency of peace between Israelis and Palestinians and states that, despite previously friendly relations between Iraq and France, his nation is committed to abide by international laws of sovereignty.

Mohr, Jakki.; Spekman, Robert. "Characteristics of partnership success: partnership attributes, communication behavior, and conflict resolution techniques." Strategic Management Journal v. 15 (Feb. '94) p. 135-52

ABSTRACT: Data from 124 surveys on vertical relationships between manufacturers and dealers in the personal computer industry were examined in order to explore the determinants of partnership success. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze satisfaction with manufacturer support, satisfaction with profit, and dyadic sales. The results show that the main indicators of partnership success are attributes of commitment, coordination, and trust; communication quality and participation; and an emphasis on joint problem solving.

Moir, Hughes. "Books for Keeping the Peace." Instructor Apr 1991, v100n8, p. 22-23+

ABSTRACT: Using literature to teach conflict resolution is discussed. When stories mirror a child's own experience, they can provide valuable lessons for resolving conflicts. A list of suggested readings is offered.

Molander, Per. "The prevalence of free riding." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1992, v36n4, p. 756-771

ABSTRACT: In a study, the prospects for the spontaneous emergence of cooperation in n-person prisoner's dilemma were studied within an evolutionary framework. The results indicated that spontaneous cooperation in general collective-action games appears less likely than much of the literature seems to indicate.

Mo, Jongryn. "The logic of two-level games with endogenous domestic coalitions." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1994, v38n3, p. 402-422

ABSTRACT: R. D. Putnam's conjecture that greater domestic constraints can be a bargaining advantage in international negotiations is examined through the more realistic model of negotiator behavior. Results indicate that the relationship between the negotiator's domestic constraints and the bargaining outcome is more complex than Putnam's examination suggests.

Mollins, Carl. "Diplomacy on trial." Maclean's Dec 12, 1994, v107n50, p. 38-39

ABSTRACT: The continued fighting in Bosnia-Hercegoniva is discussed. The small, warring groups have defied the efforts of the UN, the US and the EC. The UK and France are urging the US to release Bosnian Muslims from an arms embargo and to order more air strikes on the Serbs.

Mollins, Carl. "Call to conscience." Maclean's Jul 31, 1995, v108n31, p. 26-27

ABSTRACT: The continuing problems in Bosnia and the way they effect other countries around the world are discussed. The fighting has made a mockery of the UN and challenged US world leadership.

Mollins, Carl. "Troubled birthday." Maclean's Oct 23, 1995, v108n43, p. 28-29
ABSTRACT: The UN turns 50 years old on Oct 24, 1995, and it still faces many problems. One problem is that many countries, including the US, owe huge back dues. Pres Clinton has a plan to pay the debt, but the Republican-backed Congress does not want to go along with the idea.

Molot, Maureen Appel and Harald von Riekhoff. Canada among nations, 1994 : a part of the peace. Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1994.

SUBJECTS:Canada--Foreign relations--1945-Canada--Politics and government--1980-

CONTENTS: A part of the peace / Harald von Riekhoff and Maureen Appel Molot -- Global economic change: fashioning our own way / Alan S. Alexandroff -- The future of Canadian multilateralism / Tom Keating -- United Nations structural and financial reform / W. Andy Knight -- Nothing is agreed until everything is agreed: first thoughts on the implications of the Uruguay Round / John M. Curtis and Robert Wolfe -- Europe after Maastricht / David Long -- A new security strategy for Europe / Alexander Moens -- From South to East? financing the transition in Central and Eastern Europe / Jeanne Kirk Laux -- NAFTA, Uruguay, and Canada- U.S. relations: inside looking out / Charles F. Doran -- Open regionalism: East Asia sets the pace / Wendy Dobson -- Russia's Monroe Doctrine: peacekeeping, peacemaking, or imperial outreach? / Teresa Rakowska-Harmstone -- Le maintien de la paix au Cambodge: la victoire de la diplomatie tranquille / Jocelyn Coulon -- Beyond peacekeeping: Somalia, the United Nations and the Canadian experience / Nancy Gordon -- Bosnia and other Balkan powder kegs / John M. Fraser.

Molot, Maureen Appel and Harald von Riekhoff.Canada among nations, 1994 : a part of the peace . Ottawa : Carleton University Press, 1994.

SUBJECTS:Canada--Foreign relations--1945-Canada--Politics and government--1980-

Monroe, Craig.; Borzi, Mark G.; DiSalvo, Vincent S. "Conflict Behaviors of Difficult Subordinates." Southern Communication Journal Summer 1989, v54n4, p. 311-329

ABSTRACT: Existing models of conflict resolution/management make assumptions regarding personal and relational variables which make them inappropriate for many important conflict situations. One such conflict situation is discussed.

Moore, Charles. "'Our boys' in Bosnia are admirable and brave. That doesn't mean they are doing the right thing." Spectator Jul 29, 1995, v275n8716, p. 8

ABSTRACT: The UK's policy in Bosnia is centered on what is in the best interests of British peacekeeping troops. People are failing to see that Serbia is trying to destroy the legitimate government of Bosnia and that "peace-keeping" only makes sense when each side is in an equivalent position.

Moore, Mike. "Make it so." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Mar 1995, v51n2, p. 2

ABSTRACT: An editorial discusses the problems facing the UN as it celebrates its 50th anniversary. Pres Clinton is becoming wary of getting too deeply involved in the peacekeeping process, and the Congress is hostile toward the UN.

Moore, Mike. "U.N. peacekeeping, a glass half empty, half full." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Mar 1995, v51n2, p. 22-23

ABSTRACT: Peacekeeping has become the most visible and the most controversial activity the UN participates in. Cold War-era peacekeeping ventures were few and far between, but the number has increased since the collapse of the USSR.

Moore, Will H. "Action-reaction or rational expectations? Reciprocity and the domestic-international conflict nexus during the "Rhodesia problem"." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1995, v39n1, p. 129-167

ABSTRACT: A case for expanding the focus from national-attribute studies of intranational conflict toward stragetic behavior studies of intranational conflict is made. One payoff of such a move is that it enables researchers to specify a linkage between the strategic behavior of both domestic and international actors and thus address the often theorized, but rarely established, intranational-international conflict nexus.

Moose, George E. "U.S. commitment to conflict resolution in Africa." US Department of State Dispatch Jun 20, 1994, v5n25, p. 412-413

ABSTRACT: The US is helping the Organization of African Unity (OAU) develop a credible capability to plan, coordinate and supervise efforts in conflict resolution. Funding for the OAU and downsizing the military in Africa are discussed.

Moorman, Margaret. "Rocky road to peace and understanding." Art News v. 84 (Feb. '85) p. 11

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: ROCI (Exhibition)

ABSTRACT: At a reception at the United Nations, artist Robert Rauschenberg announced his plans for the Rauschenberg Overseas Cultural Interchange (ROCI), a five-year world tour of twenty-two countries. Rauschenberg is scheduled to begin ROCI in April at the Rufino Tamayo Museum in Mexico City with an exhibition of 150 of his works from the past twenty years. He plans to work with artists from each country on the tour, adding to the exhibition as he goes along. At the close of 1984, however, Rauschenberg had received confirmation from only six of the twenty-two nations he plans to visit, and some of the ROCI's funding has fallen through. The artist's rambling speech at the U.N. only served to confuse many patrons. Nevertheless, Rauschenberg is firmly committed to ROCI and plans to implement the program.

Moran, Victoria. "Effective Communication." Animals' Agenda Sep 1992, v12n7, p. 42-43

ABSTRACT: Suggestions are offered for opening a meaningful discussion and using principles of conflict resolution within an organization. The parties should find a time to talk, plan the context of the discussion, talk the problem out and make a well-balanced deal.

Moreau, Ron. "Cambodia's war rages on." Newsweek v. 116 (Sept. 10 '90) p. 38

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Khmer Rouge.Cambodia--Politics and government.

ABSTRACT: Despite the recent talk of peace by officials at the United Nations, the war in Cambodia shows no sign of letting up. Instead, Khmer Rouge rebel forces are intensifying their attacks. Documents captured recently from the Khmer Rouge instruct rebel forces to prepare for another six to eight years of war. The rebels hope to drain the economy by forcing the Phnom Penh government to continue to spend 30 percent of its budget on the military. This year alone, more than 2,000 Cambodians have died, and more casualties are inevitable as rebels move closer to the capital.

Moreau, Ron. "Giving peace a chance." Newsweek v. 121 (June 7 '93) p. 30

KEY WORDS: Elections--Cambodia.

ABSTRACT: Despite threats of violence from the Khmer Rouge, nearly 90 percent of Cambodia's registered voters recently participated in 6 days of UN-supervised polling, completing the first free and fair election in the country's history. The results should be announced soon, but already the true winner appears to be the popular will for peace. The Khmer Rouge, who are still fighting a bitter civil war, had threatened to sabotage the election, but a 22,000-member UN peacekeeping operation--the largest in UN history--and an enthusiastic public appear to have led to the largely nonviolent polling. Both the country's current ruler, the Vietnamese-backed Cambodian People's Party (CPP), and the royalist opposition party, known as Funcinpec, have said that they are confident of victory. Unfortunately, if the CPP wins the election, it may resume the civil war with the Khmer Rouge, and if it loses, it may not transfer power to its rivals peacefully.

Moreno, Rafael.; Vega, Juan Jose. "Lessons from Somalia." Peacekeeping & International Relations May 1994, v23n3, p. 11-12

ABSTRACT: Somalia became the "laboratory" of the revolutionary new ideas of UN Secy-Gen Boutros Boutros-Ghali about the imposition of peace and the reconstruction of nations in chaos, but the mission did not have the expected results. Some of the lessons to be learned from the Somalia experience are discussed.

Moreno, Rafael.; Vega, Juan Jose. "Lessons from Somalia." Peacekeeping & International Relations May 1994, v23n3, p. 11-12

Morgan, T Clifton.; Bickers, Kenneth N. "Domestic discontent and the external use of force." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1992, v36n1, p. 25-52

ABSTRACT: The diversionary theory of international conflict is revised. It is argued that a state leader will treat an erosion of domestic support more seriously when it comes from within segments of society that are critical in the maintenance of the leader's ruling coalition than when it comes from other domestic groups.

Morgan, T Clifton.; Campbell, Sally Howard. "Domestic Structure, Decisional Constraints, and War : So Why Kant Democracies Fight?" Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1991, v35n2, p. 187-211

ABSTRACT: It is argued that previous studies have misspecified the theoretical argument that democracies are less war-prone than other forms of government. For countries that are major powers, decisional constraints lead to a lower probability that conflicts will escalate to war.

Morganthau, Tom.; Barry, John. "On the march." Newsweek Dec 11, 1995, v126n24, p. 28-32

ABSTRACT: After three years of hoping the Bosnia problem would vanish, Pres Clinton is committing both 20,000 US troops and his political future to the perils of a hard Balkan winter. Questions remain, however, about how once the soldiers go into Bosnia, when and how will they get back out again.

Morris, Stephen J. "Skeletons in the closet." The New Republic v. 202 (June 4 '90) p. 17-20

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Khmer Rouge.Cambodia--Politics and government.United States--Foreign relations--Cambodia.

ABSTRACT: Some Americans who consider themselves peace activists are backing a policy that ensures that the war in Cambodia will continue. With the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, there is a chance that the major powers will reach an agreement on an interim United Nations takeover of Cambodia that would guarantee the withdrawal of Vietnamese troops as well as free and fair elections. The Vietnamese Communists, knowing that their Kampuchean puppets would lose the election, are trying to subvert the agreement. Unfortunately, their efforts are being aided by the Campaign to Oppose the Return of the Khmer Rouge, which is directing an effort to cut off American aid and Western support for the Khmer Rouge-aiding coalition known as the non-Communist resistance (NCR). If aid to the NCR is ended, however, Cambodian nationalists will turn to the Khmer Rouge, which was responsible for the evisceration of the Cambodian population between April 1975 and December 1978.

Morrison, Alex. "The world of the future." Peacekeeping & International Relations May 1993, v22n3, p. 1

ABSTRACT: The international security game in the years to come is discussed in an editorial. Many believed that the end of the Cold War would bring peace and harmony, but peacekeeping forces are still needed in hot spots around the world.

Morrison, Alex. "From the editor." Peacekeeping & International Relations Mar 1994, v23n2, p. 1

ABSTRACT: An editorial assesses the impact of UN peacekeeping activities in Bosnia. The UN must remain engaged in peacekeeping activities in Bosnia and continue its valuable work of saving lives and contributing to international peace, security and stability.

Morrison, Alex. "From the editor." Peacekeeping & International Relations Mar 1994, v23n2, p. 1

Morrison, Alex. "From the editor." Peacekeeping & International Relations Jul 1994, v23n4, p. 1

ABSTRACT: The problem areas of Sarajevo Bosnia-Hercegovina, Haiti, Burundi and the Rwandan refugee situation are discussed in an editorial. The post Cold War international situation shows that the international community is not capable of solving all of the world's problems at the same time and some of the challenges are incapable of being met.

Morrison, Alex. "From the editor." Peacekeeping & International Relations Jul 1995, v24n4, p. 1-2

ABSTRACT: UN Secy-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali has told leaders of Rwanda and Burundi that they cannot expect increased international aid unless they first help themselves. An editorial discusses Boutros-Ghali's emphasis on "political will" in helping countries solve their problems.

Morrison, Alex. "From the editor." Peacekeeping & International Relations Sep 1995, v24n5, p. 1-2

ABSTRACT: The work of those at the UN's Department of Peacekeeping Operations is praised in an editorial. They supervise the movement of tens of thousands of peacekeepers to peacekeeping operations by air, land and sea.

Morrison, David C. "Black and blue helmets." National Journal Feb 20, 1993, v25n8, p. 483

ABSTRACT: Peacekeeping is enjoying a boom, with about 60,000 UN "blue helmets" serving in 13 operations around the world. However, many peacekeeping operations have become unglued. The UN's role as a successful peacekeeper is questioned.

Morrison, David C. "Republicans at war with peacekeeping." National Journal Mar 11, 1995, v27n10, p. 615-621

ABSTRACT: The new Republican Congress seems to have declared war on the multinational peacekeeping ethos started by Pres George Bush's New World Order. Legislation concerning national security and peacekeeping is discussed.

Morrison, David C. "Make peace--Or else!" National Journal Oct 3, 1992, v24n40, p. 2250-2254

ABSTRACT: Peacekeeping has become a booming business for the UN, but fierce debate is growing over a scheme to endow the UN with a standing army designed to stop the world's many explosive tinderboxes. The UN's role as peacekeeper is discussed.

Morrocco, John D. m" U.S. trains for peacekeeping." Aviation Week & Space Technology v. 140 (Apr. 25 '94) p. 36-41+

KEY WORDS: United States.--Air Force.Military maneuvers.

ABSTRACT: U.S. military units from all 3 services plus the Alaskan National Guard participated in Northern Edge '94, an 8-day peacekeeping scenario simulated in Alaska. More than 15,000 military personnel participated in the exercise, which mirrored ethnic conflicts around the globe by simulating a peace enforcement operation in which U.S. forces, acting under a UN mandate, intervene to separate opposing forces from 2 fictitious nations warring over a disputed ethnic region. The scenario and the roles of the units taking part are described in a cover story. Related articles discuss the operations and technology of the Air Force's 366th composite wing, which participated in the exercise; the new power projection role being emphasized by the U.S. Alaskan Command; and the modernization and enlargement of the Alaskan Command's training range complex.

Morrow, James D. "Alliances, credibility, and peacetime costs." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1994, v38n2, p. 270-297

ABSTRACT: A formal model of alliances as signals of intentions to explore the credibility of alliances is offered. The model with alliances presented a wide range of strategic behaviors.

Morrow, James D. "Electoral and Congressional Incentives and Arms Control." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1991, v35n2, p. 245-265

ABSTRACT: Two arguments about how the democratic institutions of the US influence arms control bargaining are presented and tested.

Morrow, James D. "A twist of truth : A reexamination of the effects of arms races on the occurrence of war." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1989, v33n3, p. 500-529

ABSTRACT: A study was made that considered the effects of arms races on the occurrence of wars and why some arms races end in war and some don't. The results of the study are discussed.

Morse, Philip S.; Andrea, Ron. "Peer mediation in the schools : Teaching conflict resolution techniques to students." NASSP Bulletin Mar 1994, v78n560, p. 75-82

ABSTRACT: The presentation of conflict resolution skills can be an effective alternative to the two choices students face--fight or flee. A program called Peer Mediation that teaches students how to communicate with one another rationally and effectively in order to resolve conflicts is described.

Mott, Gordon. "Judgment on Flight 655." Newsweek v. 112 (July 25 '88) p. 49

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations.--Security Council (Meetings: 1988)United Nations--Iran.Iranian air disaster, 1988.

ABSTRACT: In seeking UN Security Council condemnation of the United States for a U.S. warship's obliteration of Iran Air Flight 655 over the Persian Gulf, Iran has discovered how isolated it has become in the world. Instead of condemning the United States, the council has called upon Iran to honor UN Resolution 598 by consenting to a cease-fire in the Iran-Iraq War. Vice President George Bush scored rhetorical points by arguing that Iran's disregard for Resolution 598 directly contributed to the U.S. attack that killed 290 civilians. Washington has also won support for its avowal to pay compensation to the families of the victims, although it remains unclear how the United States could make restitution without involving the Iranian government. Meanwhile, by withdrawing forces from two areas of captured Iraqi territory, Iran has shown that it may be ready to wind down the Gulf war. U.S. officials contend that Iraq can be pressured into a peace settlement.

Moul, William Brian.; Cioffi-Revilla, Claudio. "Predicting the severity of great power war from its extent--Comment/reply." Journal of Conflict Resolution Mar 1994, v38n1, p. 160-172

ABSTRACT: Moul comments on a study by Cioffi-Revilla that predicted that the battle fatalities of an Iraq-UN war would be between 100,000 and approximately 1 million. Cioffi-Revilla offers a response.

Moul, William B. "Polarization, polynomials, and war." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1993, v37n4, p. 735-748

ABSTRACT: Michael Wallace (1973) reports a very pronounced curvilinear relationship between a new measure of the polarization of the state system and warfare during 1815-1964. The theory that there is no relationship--linear, monotonic or nonmonotonic--between polarization and the number, severity or magnitude of international wars during the period 1815-1976 is discussed.

Mueller, Jean West.; Schamel, Wynell Burroughs. '"Out of Fear and into Peace" : President Eisenhower's Address to the United Nations.' Social Education Mar 1990, v54n3, p. 163-166

ABSTRACT: On Dec 8, 1953, Pres Dwight D. Eisenhower's proposal "Atoms for Peace" was made to the UN General Assembly. The initial response of the assembly was complete silence followed by rousing cheers. The first seven pages of Eisenhower's address are analyzed as a document and discussed as a teaching tool.

Mueller, John. "The catastrophe quota : Trouble after the Cold War." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1994, v38n3, p. 355-375

ABSTRACT: The quest for things to worry about has continued as the major problems associated with the Cold War have been resolved. The notion that international affairs have now become especially tumultuous, unstable and complex is discussed.

Mujawamariya, Monique. "The obligation to rescue II." Social Research Spring 1995, v62n1, p. 13-21

ABSTRACT: A refuge from Rwanda who had been involved in human rights work discusses her rescue. She was saved by individuals, including her house servants and a soldier who was supposed to kill her. She asserts that the UN has proved itself a failure in rescuing people who are victims of a civil war.

Muldoon, James P. "What happened to humanitarian intervention?" Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Mar 1995, v51n2, p. 60-61

ABSTRACT: The UN doctrine of humanitarian intervention appears to be failing almost everywhere its tried. It has become difficult to rationalize humanitarian intervention with armed forces.

Muller, Albrecht A. C. von. "More to do." The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists v. 45 (May '89) p. 43-4

ABSTRACT: Part of a special section on the arms control criteria proposed by Thomas C. Schelling and Morton H. Halperin in 1961. The Schelling-Halperin objectives were conceived at a time when the rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union dominated international politics, but the situation is much different today. Confrontational politics is being replaced by a growing awareness of new, global concerns that call for far-reaching international cooperation. In this context, arms control has become a tool for conflict resolution, as indicated by the willingness of both sides to make substantial concessions. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev has positioned himself at the leading edge of this shift in world politics, perhaps because he sees the new arrangement as the only way for the Soviet Union to remain a world power. The West should actively join in this process and work to achieve a peaceful resolution to the superpower rivalry.

Muller, Edward N.; Weede, Erich. "Cross-national variation in political violence : A rational action approach." Journal of Conflict Resolution Dec 1990, v34n4, p. 624-651

ABSTRACT: The question of why nations differ in rates of domestic political violence is of intrinsic interest as all governments strive to political stability. Two rational propositions about determinants of political violence are tested at the cross-national level.

Murayama, Tomichi. "50th anniversary of the United Nations - Tomichi Murayama." Vital Speeches of the Day Nov 15, 1995, v62n3, p. 74-75

ABSTRACT: The people of Japan are grateful to the international community for its aid in recovering from the devastation of WWII and engaging in national reconstruction. The role of the UN is growing and diversifying as it attempts to deal with issues of a stable food supply and environmental protection.

Murphy, Richard W. "Remaking the Mideast." World Monitor v. 4 (Apr. '91) p. 28-30+

KEY WORDS: Persian Gulf War, 1991--Peace and mediation.United States--Foreign relations--Middle East.

ABSTRACT: The United States should capitalize on its decisive victory in the Persian Gulf War by pursuing creative diplomacy in the Middle East. President Bush needs to spell out his long term plan of action for the region. Such a plan should address five areas: how peacekeeping forces should operate after the speedy exit of U.S. forces from the Gulf, how to strengthen the UN for mediating regional disputes, how the Arab members of the allied coalition will interact with other states in the region, how to take timely advantage of the indebtedness that Israel and Arab allies feel toward the United States, and how to control and reduce arms in the region. This American-initiated diplomacy should be respectful of and cooperative with the UN.

Murphy, Richard W. "U.S. role in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East peace process." Department of State Bulletin v. 88 (June '88) p. 43-6

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Israel-Arab Wars, 1967- --Territorial questions.United States--Foreign relations--Middle East.United States--Foreign relations--Persian Gulf region.

ABSTRACT: In an address at the Citadel in Charleston, South Carolina, the assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern and South Asian affairs discusses U.S. policies regarding the Persian Gulf and the Arab-Israeli conflict. He states that the United States is pursuing a two-track policy on the Iran-Iraq War, consisting of military measures to protect U.S. interests while the war continues and attempts to find a diplomatic solution in the United Nations to end the war. He outlines steps that the United States has taken to resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict over the years and describes a new U.S. peace initiative that is designed to bring both parties to the negotiating table.

Murray, Shoon. "Turning an Elite Cross-Sectional Survey into a Panel Study While Protecting Anonymity." Journal of Conflict Resolution Sep 1992, v36n3, p. 586-595

ABSTRACT: A procedure for turning an elite cross-sectional survey into a panel study, even when no records exist that link individuals to their original questionnaires and which protects the respondents' anonymity, is described.

Mursi, Ahmed. "A Secretary-General on the firing line." World Press Review v. 39 (Oct. '92) p. 12-13

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations.--Secretary-General.

ABSTRACT: Part of a special section on the United Nations' peace-keeping role in the world. An article excerpted from Al-Mussawar of Cairo. An international campaign has been launched against UN secretary-general Boutros Boutros Ghali on a scale unprecedented in the organization's history. The parties to the campaign have different goals, motives, and political and philosophical perspectives. Various criticisms that have been made of Boutros Ghali are reviewed.

Myers, Wendy S. "Confronting the bears in your office." Women in Business May 1995, v47n3, p. 8

ABSTRACT: Dealing with difficult people in the office is a professional issue, not a personal one. Some situations that will test one's conflict-resolution skills are presented.

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Nadein, Vladimir. "Grachev and Perry clear the way for penultimate meeting between Yeltsin and Clinton." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Nov 8, 1995, v47n41, p. 26-27

ABSTRACT: Russian Minister of Defense Pavel Grachev and US Secretary of Defense William Perry met to discuss each other's positions on certain issues and pave the way for a meeting between President Yeltsin and President Clinton. The situation between Russia and NATO and the presense of peacekeeping forces in Bosnia are discussed.

Nadein, Vladimir. "Operation 'Fig Leaf'." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Dec 6, 1995, v47n45, p. 23-24

ABSTRACT: An agreement has been reached under which Russian troops will participate in the Bosnia peacekeeping mission, but they will not be under NATO command. All parties appear to be pleased with the agreement.

Nadein, Vladimir. "A stunning success with an unclear outcome." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Nov 22, 1995, v47n43, p. 6-7

ABSTRACT: Boris Yeltsin and Bill Clinton reached complete agreement concerning the participation of Russian military in the peacekeeping mission in Bosnia-Hercegovina. Russia's involvement in the crisis could become a turning point in relations between the two super-power countries.

Nadein, Vladimr. "Under bombardment--To the roundtable." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press Sep 27, 1995, v47n35, p. 8

ABSTRACT: US and NATO officials are very pleased with the air strikes against the Bosnian Serbs. NATO aircraft are operating like clockwork, neatly taking out air-defense systems and weapons depots, and there are no casualties. While the air strikes were going on, Bosnian Serb Pres Slobodan Milosevic was having lunch with US Assistant Secretary of State Richard Holbrooke.

Nam Hyeon Kim.; Wall, James A Jr.; Dong-Won Sohn.; Kim, Jay S. "Community and industrial mediation in South Korea." Journal of Conflict Resolution Jun 1993, v37n2, p. 361-381

ABSTRACT: The mediations of 95 community and 95 industrial mediators in South Korea are investigated. The dependency strategy is very consistent with the Confucian emphasis on interpersonal harmony.

Nastasi, Bonnie K.; Clements, Douglas H.; Battista, Michael T. "Social-Cognitive Interactions, Motivation, and Cognitive Growth in Logo Programming and CAI Problem-Solving Environments." Journal of Educational Psychology Mar 1990, v82n1, p. 150-158

ABSTRACT: Extending earlier work, a study investigated whether children working in two educational computing environments--Logo and computer-assisted instruction (CAI) problem solving--exhibited differing amounts of behaviors indicative of cooperative interaction, conflict and resolution, effectance motivation and self-evaluation. Results are reported.

Natale, Jo Anna. "Saving for what future?." Psychology Today v. 21 (Aug. '87) p. 16

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: Nuclear warfare--Psychological aspects.Saving and savings.

ABSTRACT: Research by economist Joel Slemrod revealed that savings patterns are influenced by people's feelings about the threat of nuclear war. He estimated the annual savings rates for 1948 through 1984 and compared these with two indexes of the public's perception of the nuclear threat. The comparison revealed that when the public's perception of the nuclear threat increased, the savings rate decreased, and when the perception fell, the savings rate rose. The results of his research appeared in Journal of Conflict Resolution (Vol. 30, pp. 403-19).

Nau, Henry R. "Winning the peace." National Review v. 43 (Apr. 1 '91) p. 35-7

ABSTRACT: Part of a special section on the Persian Gulf War. In order to win the peace in the Middle East, America must maintain engagement there. Those who say that the United States should come home do not understand the mistakes of 1945. America's peacemaking role in Europe after World War II proves that war itself never ensures peace, that there cannot be peace without either an armed balance or a political community, and that the best way to political community is open commerce, both within a region and between states of that region and like-minded states elsewhere. Others can help provide the economic means, but the United States must provide the political vision, the military stability, and the diplomatic direction for peace in the Middle East.

Neack, Laura. "UN peace-keeping : In the interest of community or self?" Journal of Peace Research May 1995, v32n2, p. 181-196

ABSTRACT: Neack examines whether state participation in UN peace-keeping results from a state's idealistic commitment to the global community and international peace or whether participation is tied to the state's national interest.

Neack, Laura. "UN peace-keeping : In the interest of community or self?" Journal of Peace Research May 1995, v32n2, p. 181-196

Negin, Elliot. "Spoiling the party." Scholastic Update (Teacher's Edition) Oct 6, 1995, v128n3, p. 12-13

ABSTRACT: US lawmakers and commentators have called the UN an inefficient, wasteful, corrupt and useless organization. The eroding support for the UN and the successful missions of the UN are noted.

Neier, Aryeh "Watching rights." The Nation v. 255 (Sept. 28 '92) p. 317

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Somalia.United Nations--Yugoslavia.United Nations--Cambodia.Relief work--Bosnia and Hercegovina.Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Relief work.Somalia--Civil War, 1991- --Relief work.

ABSTRACT: Despite the potential success of its efforts in Cambodia and El Salvador, the UN needs to clarify its mission and establish bureaucratic accountability if relief efforts such as those in Bosnia and Hercegovina and in Somalia are to have any effect. With the end of the cold war, the UN has been able to act as a stabilizing force in Cambodia under an ambitious plan to demobilize 4 armies and prepare the way for national elections. In El Salvador, too, the UN has helped negotiate a peace settlement. In Bosnia, however, the UN's deliveries of humanitarian aid are doing nothing to halt the genocidal conduct of the Serbian armed forces, and the UN should be denouncing specific crimes against humanity there. In Somalia, the UN should stop trying to negotiate with tribal leaders and instead deliver massive humanitarian aid in the hope of ending conflicts over food. In the absence of cold war influences, the UN now has a chance to fulfill its potential.

Neier, Aryeh. "Watching rights." Nation Mar 7, 1994, v258n9, p. 296

ABSTRACT: The tendency of top UN officials to mete out blame equally among all three sides in the Bosnian war has caused many Bosnians to loathe the UN. Ways in which some UN officials promoting peace have attempted to distort the reality of the situation are discussed.

Neier, Aryeh "Watching rights." The Nation v. 253 (Sept. 9 '91) p. 257

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--El Salvador.Civil rights--El Salvador.El Salvador--Civil War, 1980- --Peace and mediation.

ABSTRACT: The UN's establishment of ONUSAL, a human rights monitoring agency, in El Salvador indicates that it is at last fulfilling the hopes of those who envisioned it as a vehicle for protecting human rights. ONUSAL is the most significant of the UN's efforts in El Salvador, where UN mediators are negotiating a peace agreement between the government of President Alfredo Cristiani and the FMLN guerrillas. In August, ONUSAL was opening offices in a half dozen Salvadoran cities to monitor civil rights. The agency staff, including lawyers and others with extensive experience documenting violations, is being recruited from outside El Salvador. Until now, the UN had little role in civil wars and held a dismal record in fighting human rights violations.

Neier, Aryeh. "Watching Rights." Nation Jun 8, 1992, v254n22, p. 775

ABSTRACT: Cambodia is the most striking example of the UN's new interventionist role in ending the civil war there, holding elections and promoting human rights. If the UN can breathe new life into Cambodia, the world will turn to it to do the same for other devastated states.

Neimeyer, Charles P. "'Gone to fight Indians ... Be back when it's over'--Peace operations reconsidered." Marine Corps Gazette Jan 1994, v78n1, p. 29-31

ABSTRACT: Many historical lessons, once well known to Marines but now long neglected and forgotten, need to be revisited, relearned and applied to current operations, particularly peacekeeping forces. Lessons the USMC can learn from past military experiences are discussed.

Nelan, Bruce W. "Not-so-rapid response." Time Jun 19, 1995, v145n25, p. 29-30

ABSTRACT: Despite NATO's bluster, UN peacekeeping reinforcements won't change a thing in Bosnia. The first French reinforcements reached Bosnia last week, and their arrival was apparently meant to send the Serbs some signals.

Nelan, Bruce W. "Bombs and bluster." Time Jul 31, 1995, v146n5, p. 42-43

ABSTRACT: After a 16-nation emergency meeting in London, the allies have issued an ambiguous warning to the Serbs, threatening to strike back if the last remaining safe area in Bosnia is attacked. Legislation to lift the US arms embargo against Bosnia is unlikely to be useful by the time it is a reality.

Nelan, Bruce W. "A convert among the dying." Time Mar 29, 1993, v141n13, p. 39

ABSTRACT: During his six months as commander of the UN peace force in Bosnia Hercegovina, French General Philippe Morillon earned a reputation as a maverick. Although no one considered Morillon to be inclined toward heroics, he surprised many recently when he decided to remain in Bosnia and stand with the thousands of people caught in the Serb siege.

Nelan, Bruce W.; Thompson, Mark. "Tears and terror." Time Jul 24, 1995, v146n4, p. 40-47

ABSTRACT: Last week Serb rebels stormed into Srebrenica, the eastern Bosnian zone that the UN had declared a "safe area" in 1993, and then mounted a full-scale "ethnic cleansing" operation. Two days later, all but a few of Srebrenica's 42,000 Muslims have been expelled. Nelan reports on Serb advances in Bosnia, and Thompson discusses the Pentagon's contingency plan for pulling 25,000 peacekeepers out of the country.

Nelan, Bruce.; Fedarko, Kevin. " Unshakable vacillation." Time Jun 12, 1995, v145n24, p. 50-55

COMPANY NAMES AS SUBJECTS:North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNATO

ABSTRACT: This week, Bosnian Serbs released several of their UN peacekeeper hostages, but shot down a US plane, the US offered to send more troops to the Balkans but then withdrew the offer, and NATO continued to vacillate.

Nelan, Bruce W. "What price glory?" Time Nov 27, 1995, v146n22, p. 46-51

ABSTRACT: The US is searching to create a policy for putting its troops in harm's way even when the country is not directly threatened. Congress is sending signals to Pres Clinton that it will fight him vigorously on any deployment in which it has no say.

Nelan, Bruce W. "Words are not enough." Time v. 143 (Feb. 28 '94) p. 44-5

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1991- .Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Aerial operations.Serbia--Nationalism.

ABSTRACT: Despite the Serbs' promise to withdraw their guns from Sarajevo in the wake of threatened air strikes by NATO, peace remains out of reach. The siege will not be over as long as Serbian troops ring Sarajevo, and the war will not be over as long as Bosnia's ethnic factions continue to battle across the countryside. Meanwhile, many observers wonder if the Bosnian Serbs have received too good a deal. The only peace plan under discussion--the United Nations-backed Owen-Stoltenberg proposal--will allow the Serbs to keep what they have captured and partition Bosnia into 3 ethnic pieces. The Muslim-led government has rejected the plan, but the European allies believe the U.S. has agreed to push the Bosnians into accepting the Owen-Stoltenberg divisions. At best, the brokered cease-fire will make civilian life a bit more tolerable while the peace talks continue.

Nelan, Bruce W. "A convert among the dying." Time v. 141 (Mar. 29 '93) p. 39

SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: United Nations--Yugoslavia.Muslims--Bosnia and Hercegovina.Serbia--Nationalism.Srebrenica (Bosnia and Hercegovina)--Siege, 1992- .Yugoslavia--Civil War, 1991- --Relief work.

ABSTRACT: French General Philippe Morillon, commander of the UN peace force in Bosnia, recently risked his life, his reputation, and the UN's