POLICIES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

It is the responsibility of the Radiation Safety Review Board (RSRB) to formulate University policies and guidelines concerning (1) the use of radioactive materials and (2) the use of x-ray devices at George Mason University.

Since the use of radioactive materials at the University is governed by a Byproduct Material License issued by the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) or by a Radioactive Material License issued by the Department of Health of the Commonwealth of Virginia, it is the responsibility of the RSRB to ensure that the University's practices are at all times in compliance with the NRC and State regulations and the conditions of the licenses. As well, all x-ray devices shall be registered, as required, with the Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health.

The RSRB shall ensure that:

     1)   all use of radioactive materials on campus is conducted
in a safe manner;
     2)   all individuals who work with or in the vicinity of
radioactive materials have         sufficient training and
experience to perform their duties safely;
     3)   all procedures for receiving, handling, transport,
storage, and disposal of           radioactive materials are such
as to minimize radiation exposure to employees,        students,
visitors, and to the public.

Operating Procedures

The RSRB shall:

     1)   consist of at least five full time faculty members
including the Departmental         Radiation Safety Officer, the
University Safety Officer and an advisor from          outside the
University. Each faculty member shall serve a term of three years
and       shall be the only voting members of the Review Board;
     2)   elect as chairman one of its members to serve a term of
three years;
     3)   meet as frequently as necessary, but at least once every
six months;
     4)   review the entire radiation safety program at least
annually to determine that all          activities are being
conducted safely and in accordance with NRC and State regulations and the conditions of the licenses;
     5)   propose new policies and/or procedures as necessary for
review and approval by        the Vice Provost for Research and
Graduate Studies (Vice Provost). These policies        may be
reviewed by the Research Advisory Committee;
     6)   direct all reports of violations of its policies in the
form of a written report to the         Vice Provost. 

Responsibilities of RSRB

It shall be the responsibility of the RSRB to:

     1)   be familiar with all pertinent NRC and State regulations,
the terms of the licenses,         and information submitted in
support of the request for the licenses and any        amendments;
     2)   ensure that any person wishing to use a source of
ionizing radiation for teaching         or research, submit for
approval by the RSRB the procedures and practices he will follow;
     3)   ensure that any department wishing to use radioactive
materials for teaching or               research, submit for
approval by the RSRB a Radiation Safety Program detailing experimental procedures and safety practices to be followed;
     4)   recommend remedial action, where necessary, to correct
any deficiencies         identified in the Radiation Safety
Program;
     5)   require that any department with a Radiation Safety
Program have a Radiation           Safety Officer to oversee the
use of all radioactive materials in his or her         department;
     6)   review and approve the training and experience of any
University employee who       applies to use radioactive materials;
     7)   review and approve all RSRB Review Forms (sponsored or
nonsponsored) which           request the use of radioactive
materials at George Mason University and all use       in
University activities at off-campus locations;
     8)   review and approve all quantities of radioactive material
to be used on campus,         or in University activities
elsewhere;
     9)   review and approve all locations at which radioactive
materials will be stored and       used on campus, and where
sources of ionizing radiation will be used;

10) maintain written records of all RSRB meetings, actions, recommendations and decisions;

11) review and approve all Ionization Radiation Source Forms which request the use of a source of ionizing radiation at George Mason University.

I. Use of Radioactive Material

Departmental Radiation Safety Program

Each department or activity of the University that desires to purchase and use radioactive materials in classroom or research, sponsored or nonsponsored, must complete Form NRC-3131 (see Attachment A) and submit it to the RSRB. Only upon approval of the application by the RSRB will a department be allowed to purchase and use radioactive materials.

Contents of an Application:

Item  1   Omit
Item  2   Omit
Item  3   Omit
Item  4   Omit
Item  5   Complete as stated. 
Item  6   Complete as stated. 
Item  7 and    Enter the names of all personnel in your department
or activity who are
Item  8   simultaneously applying for Approved User Status. Enter
the name of the          Departmental Radiation Safety Officer. 
Supply a resume of the training         and experience of each
person in the use of radioactive materials.
Item 9    Describe the available facilities and equipment (storage
containers, remote       handling devices, shielding, fume hoods,
etc.) at each location where       radioactive materials will be
used.  Submit a diagram of each room where        radioactive
materials will be received, used and/or stored, including waste. A diagram should indicate the locations of shielding, the
proximity of        radiation sources to unrestricted areas, and
other items related to                  radiation safety.   The
diagram should also include a schematic description of the ventilation system to be used with radioactive
materials that may       become airborne.  Diagrams should be drawn
to scale.
Item 10   List the types of instruments (survey or monitoring) your
department has,          number available, radiation detected,
sensitivity range, and use. Enter the        method, frequency, and
standards used in calibrating each instrument listed        in Item
10. If instruments will be calibrated by outside source, list the name and license numbers of such sources. Enter the name
of the company           supplying film badges or thermoluminescent
dosimeters, and state the          frequency with which the badges
are read.  Describe the procedure for        performing bioassays
when needed.

Radiation Safety Procedures (See Regulatory Guide 10.7)

     a)   Outline your procedure for examining incoming packages
when required (See Part       20.205).  Indicate where it will be
done.  If contamination of the external surface        of a package
exceeds 22,000 dpm, the Departmental Radiation Safety Officer shall notify, at once, the University Central Receiving, the
mail carrier, the NRC         Region II office at 404-331-4503, and
the RSRB.
     b)   Enter the departmental policy on training students and
personnel in the use of            radioactive material.
     c)   Include a copy of general instructions to be followed by
members of your          department.  These instructions should
include:

1) Description of laboratory apparel to wear when working with radioactive materials.

2) Explain when hoods are to be used, shielding, etc. Describe the types of shielding to be used. Describe the use of absorbent paper with impermeable backing when working on laboratory benches.

3) Describe the routine procedure to be followed to monitor areas where radioactive materials are used and/or stored. Describe the procedure you will follow in the event or personal or work area contamination.

4) Indicate how you will move radioactive materials between rooms, buildings, locations, etc.

5) Explain how you will store radioactive materials, the types of containers to be used, shielding, etc. Indicate where and how contaminated articles and glassware will be stored and handled.

6) Describe the personal monitoring devices your department will use, the frequency with which the results will be read, and the company that will supply these devices.

7) Indicate how and where you will store radioactive waste. Describe containers to be used, and describe markings on these containers. Indicate how you will dispose of liquid and dry waste. List the name of the name

of the company that will collect the waste.

8) Supply the form you will keep showing the use and disposal of radioactive materials.

9) Describe sealed-source leak-test procedures.

10) Describe contamination control procedures in the laboratory.

     d)   Submit a copy of emergency instructions to be posted in
all laboratories where        radioactive materials will be used or
stored.  These instructions should describe       the action to be
taken in the case of a spill or other accident, the telephone numbers of people to call immediately in case of a spill
or other accident, and        instructions concerning reentering
the room in the event of a spill.
Item 11   State, if known, the name and license number of the
company you will         used for disposal of radioactive waste. 
If you intend to dispose of waste       by means other than a
licensed company, describe in detail your         procedures.

Qualifications of Departmental Radiation Safety Officer

The Departmental Radiation Safety Officer shall be an Approved User.

Responsibilities of Departmental Safety Officers

It shall be the responsibility of each Departmental Radiation Safety Officer to oversee the use of radioactive materials in his or her department and to enforce in his or her department all policies of the RSRB, the NRC, and the State.

Each Departmental Radiation Safety Officer shall:

     1)        ascertain that each prospective Approved User has
had sufficient training in the          use of radioactive
materials commensurate with the intended use;
     2)        establish a training program for prospective
Approved Users who have not        completed a formal course in
radiation use;
     3)        amend the Departmental Radiation Safety Program when
major changes occur in        departmental facilities or equipment;
     4)        post areas where radioactive materials are used and
stored;
     5)        monitor areas where radioactive materials are used;
     6)        calibrate survey and monitoring instruments at
proper intervals;
     7)        arrange for the proper disposal of radioactive
waste; and,
     8)        serve as the liaison person with the RSRB.
It shall also be the responsibility of the Departmental Radiation Safety Officer to maintain complete records of the following:
     1)        radiation exposures of all individuals for whom
personnel monitoring is required;
     2)        results of required laboratory monitoring and wipe
tests of sealed sources;
     3)        an up-to-date inventory of all radioactive materials
and their location;
     4)        records of all radioactive materials disposed of,
including type, amount, date and        disposal technique;
     5)        records of instrument calibration; and, 
     6)        records of any overexposures ot personnel, excessive
concentrations in laboratories          or other incidents
involving radioactive materials.

These records shall be available for inspection at anytime by representatives of the NRC or the RSRB.

Responsibilities of the University Radiation Protection Officer

     1)   Attend all meetings of the RSRB.
     2)   Produce minutes of the RSRB.
     3)   Keep the RSRB appraised of NRC and State Regulations
which may effect         radiation safety.
     4)   Handle all corresponsdence for the RSRB.
     5)   Site visit each user of ionizing radiation at least once
per year and report his       findings at the next RSRB meeting.
     6)   Write and follow-up on all necessary amendment requests
to the University's           Radiation licenses.
     7)   Be available to the RSRB for any day-to-day radiation
safety problems which may          arise.
     8)   Train inexperienced faculty members in the safe use of
radioactive materials.
     9)   Make every effort to be available for the unannounced
inspections of the NRC.

Reporting Procedures

Every six months, the Departmental Radiation Safety Officer shall submit a written report to the RSRB which contains the following information:

     1)   results of required personnel monitoring;
     2)   reports of laboratory monitoring and surveys;
     3)   reports of required wipe tests of sealed sources;
     4)   the current inventory of radioactive materials, and,
     5)   reports of instrument calibration.     

These reports will normally cover the periods January to June and July to December and are due one month after the end of each such period.

Procedure for Ordering and Receiving Radioactive Materials

Radioactive materials may be purchased only by Approved Users. All orders for radioactive material must be approved by the Departmental Radiation Safety Officer.

Individual Use of Radioactive Material

In order to use radioactive materials at George Mason University, a person must be certified by the RSRB as an Approved User or be working under the direct supervision of an Approved User. To be certified, a prospective user must complete the Radiation Safety Review Form (Attachment B) and submit it to the RSRB through the Sponsored Program Administration Forms are available in that Office.

To be certified as an Approved User, one must have had training in the following areas:

     1)   Principles and practices of radiation protection.
     2)   Radioactivity measurement, standardization, and
monitoring techniques and          instruments.
     3)   Mathematics and calculations basic to the use and
measurement of radioactivity.
     4)   Biological effects of radiation.

Those without formal training in the above may be certified as an Approved User after a period of on-the-job training supplemented with a prescribed training program dealing with radioactivity and its measurement. The on-the-job training will be supervised by an Approved User.

Responsibilities of Approved Users

An Approved User, under the direction of the Departmental Radiation Safety Officer, is responsible for the safe use, storage, and disposal of radioactive materials in his laboratory or classroom. The Approved User will ascertain that the conditions of the NRC and Virginia State Licenses are met at all times. In particular, each Approved User shall:

     1)   Properly train any student or employee who works in his
laboratory in the use of           radioactive materials.
     2)   Keep records of receipt, use, and method disposal of
radioactive materials on a         daily basis.
     3)   Keep records of any transfer of radioactive materials
from other locations.
     4)   Prohibit eating, drinking, and smoking in rooms where
radioactive materials are          used and/or stored.
     5)   Prohibit the storage of food or potables in refrigerators
where radioactive        materials are stored.
     6)   Use proper shielding, absorbant paper, etc. when
radioactive materials are being         used.
     7)   Monitor himself and his work area at the end of each
experiment in which           unsealed radioactive sources are
used. Record the results of such monitoring in         a permanent
book of the laboratory where the work was performed.
     8)   Wear a laboratory coat or apron and gloves when using
radioactive unsealed          materials.
     9)   Pipet radioactive materials only by a remote pipetting
device.

10) Wash any glassware contaminated with radioactive material in a designated sink.

11) Inform the Department Radiation Safety Office of any violation of regulations that occur in his laboratory.

Incidents and Violations Involving Radioactive Materials

Any incident involving overexposure of personnel, contamination of a laboratory, or theft or loss of radioactive materials shall be reported immediately to the Chairperson of the RSRB and the University Safety Officer.

In addition, a report cosigned by the Chairperson of the RSRB and the University Safety Officer shall be made to the Director of the appropriate Nuclear Regulatory Commission Inspection and Enforcement Division if required by Sections 20.402, or 20.405 of the NRC Rules and Regulations.

Radiation Safety Review Form

Any Approved User who wishes to purchase, using sponsor funds or state funds, a radioactive isotope not listed in the Departmental Radiation Program, or who wishes to make any changes in the use to which isotopes are presently being put (including changes in application, procedure, quantity, etc.) must first obtain aproval from the RSRB. This is to be done by submitting a Radiation Safety Review Form (see Attachment B).

Appeal of a Decision

A decision may be appealed at any time. That person initiating the appeal must submit to the Chairman of the Board a statement of his objection to a decision. The Chairman will convene a meeting of the Review Board within 30 days or at the beginning of the fall semester if the appeal is made during the summer months. At the meeting, the appeal will be presented in person by the initiator of the appeal. If after hearing the appeal the Board finds the appeal without merit, the request may be withdrawn or resubmitted with changes. There is no higher level of appeal.

II. Use of X-Ray Devices

Individual Use of an X-Ray Device

Each person who desires to use an x-ray device for teaching or research, sponsored or nonsponsored, must complete the X-Ray Device Form (see Attachment C), and submit it to the RSRB. Only upon approval of the RSRB will a person be listed as an X-ray Machine Officer, and be permitted to use the source on campus.

Responsibilities of an X-Ray Officer

It shall be the responsibility of an X-ray Machine Officer to oversee all use of the x-ray device and to enforce the conditions of use of the source as described on the X-Ray Device Form. The X-ray Machine Officer shall also:

     a)   Ascertain that each staff member or student using the
source has had sufficient          training in the proper use of
the source of minimize danger to himself and others.
     b)   Post the room containing the source with a CAUTION
RADIATION AREA sign           when the source is in use and other
signs as required by the State (Part H:           Commonwealth of
Virginia, Ionizing Radiation, Rules and Regulations).
     c)   Require that all individuals present when the source is
in use wear a film badge           or dosimeter.
     d)   Have the source surveyed for radiation safety at least
once a year and file the                report with the Sponsored
Program Administration Office.
     e)   Post the Operation Procedure of the source in a clearly
visible area near the              source.
     f)   Alter and resubmit to the RSRB the X-Ray Device Form when
a change(s) in the       use of the source is anticipated.
     g)   Submit to the RSRB every twelve months records of the
results of personnel               monitoring.

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ATTACHMENT C

GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY

Sponsored Program Administration Office

West Building, Room 145

X-RAY DEVICE FORM

This form must be submitted by each person intending to use an X- ray device at the University or altering a previously approved use of such equipment. Following completion of this form, obtain department chairperson's signature and submit to the Sponsored Program Administration Office, West Building, Room 145.

1. This form submitted for:

___ Sponsored Research Sponsor/Grantor______________________

___ Unsponsored Research

    ___ Teaching Use            Course title(s) and Number(s) 

__________________________________

2. Project Director ___________________ Department _______________

Project Title ___________________________________________________

Initiation Date ____________________

3. Faculty Associates

a) Name ________________________________________________________

b) Name ________________________________________________________

4. Student Associates

a) Name ________________________________________________________

b) Name ________________________________________________________

5. Instrument Specifications

a) Type ________________________________________________________

b) Manufacturer ________________________________________________

c) Model No. ___________________________________________________

d) Serial No. __________________________________________________

e) Maximum Operating Characteristics

          KV ____________________     ma
____________________________

6. Location(s) where instrument will be used _______________________

_________________________________________________________________

7. Frequency of use of the instrument

8. The Experimental Procedure(s)

9. Student Involvement

10. Precautions to be Taken to Minimize Risk to Personnel

11. Previous Training in Radiation Safety.

12. Personnel Monitoring Devices Employed

____ Film Badges

Processed by _________________________________________

____ Dosimeters

Processed by _________________________________________

13. Instrument Operating Procedure

The applicant agrees to abide by all policies and procedures set forth by the University Radiation Safety Review Board.

Project Director ________________________________ Date ______________

Department Chair _______________________________ Date ______________

Chairman, Radiation

Safety Review Board ___________________________ Date ______________

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